Two plant growth-promoting bacterial Bacillus strains possess different mechanisms in affecting cadmium uptake and detoxification of Solanum nigrum L.

Application of Rhizobacteria, Paraburkholderia fungorum and Delftia sp. Confer Cadmium Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica campestris) through Modulating Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems

“…Under Cd stress, the accumulation of iron [Fe(III)] becomes limited, thus inhibiting the activity of Fe(III) reductase, which abruptly affects photosynthesis and distorts the growth and biomass accumulation of the plants [ 8 ]. The retardation of growth attributes and leaf chlorosis due to impaired photosynthesis were also reported in the Cd-stressed Brassica napus [ 15 ], Zea mays [ 16 ], and Solanum nigrum [ 14 ] seedlings. In the current study, we demonstrated that two rice-associated growth-promoting bacteria, P. fungorum BRRh-4 and Delftia sp.…”

“…bacteria was attenuated by increased accumulation of indole acetic acid (IAA), phosphate solubilization, and siderophore production under salt stress. Furthermore, Chi et al [ 14 ] evaluated the gene expression of IRT1 , HMA , and PDR2 that regulate Cd uptake, transport, and detoxification. They reported that in the Cd-stressed S. nigrum , the expression of IRT1 increased and suppressed the HMA, which led to a limit of the Cd deposition in the roots rather than shoots [ 14 ].…”

“…Furthermore, Chi et al [ 14 ] evaluated the gene expression of IRT1 , HMA , and PDR2 that regulate Cd uptake, transport, and detoxification. They reported that in the Cd-stressed S. nigrum , the expression of IRT1 increased and suppressed the HMA, which led to a limit of the Cd deposition in the roots rather than shoots [ 14 ]. In addition to these, the microbe triggers phytohormone production and facilitates in the Cd detoxification system [ 42 , 43 ].…”

“…The root zone of plants is rich in nutrients which accelerates microbial growth, and the root-associating rhizobacteria exude several metabolites that enhance the vicinity of stress tolerance of plants under harsh environmental conditions [ 12 ]. Recent advancements in the PGPR research have identified Cd-tolerant bacterial genera, such as Bacillus [ 13 , 14 ], and Enterobacter [ 15 ], Serratia [ 16 ], and Pseudomonas [ 17 ]. These microbes augment the production of phytohormones, antioxidant molecules, and some organic acids that enhance the resistance or tolerance capacity in plants.…”

Impact of key parameters involved with plant-microbe interaction in context to global climate change

“…The potential multi-metal impedance of Bacillus anthracis PM21conferred proper growth and photosynthesis under Cd 2+ and Cr 4+ toxicity (Ali et al, 2021). Moreover, PGPM-plant interaction also improves the plant's resistance against heavy metal toxicity by increasing bioaccumulation (inside cellular compartments) and translocation (root to stem), as observed for Bacillus paranthracis NT1 increasing Cd 2+ uptake by 41.8% in Solanum nigrum (Chi et al, 2022). Similarly, the symbiotic relationship of fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, and grass species Brachiaria mutica led to improved chlorophyll and protein content due to antioxidant-mediated resistance and bioaccumulation of Cr 6+ toxicity (Kullu et al, 2020).…”