Two Planets Straddling the Habitable Zone of the Nearby K Dwarf Gl 414A

Dedrick, Cayla M.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Hirsch, Lea A.; Kuhn, Rudolf B.; Lund, Michael B.; James, D. J.; Kosiarek, Molly R.; Pepper, Joshua; Petigura, Erik A.; Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Stevens, Daniel J.

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd0ef

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…The color of data points on the top row of Figure 4 indicates the TSM of the planet (Kempton et al 2018). On the left, one planet with both a measured mass and radius stands out as having a significantly higher TSM value than the other planets: GJ 414 A b, a sub-Neptune planet that spends 48% of its orbit in the OHZ, initially discovered by Dedrick et al (2021). GJ 414 A b has the greatest TSM of all known transiting planets, including those without mass measurements.…”

Section: Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Catalog of Habitable Zone Exoplanets

Hill

Bott

Dalba

et al. 2023

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The search for habitable planets has revealed many planets that can vary greatly from an Earth analog environment. These include highly eccentric orbits, giant planets, different bulk densities, relatively active stars, and evolved stars. This work catalogs all planets found to reside in the habitable zone (HZ) and provides HZ boundaries, orbit characterization, and the potential for spectroscopic follow-up observations. Demographics of the HZ planets are compared with a full catalog of exoplanets. Extreme planets within the HZ are highlighted, and how their unique properties may affect their potential habitability is discussed. Kepler-296 f is the most eccentric ≤2 R ⊕ planet that spends 100% of its orbit in the HZ. HD 106270 b and HD 38529 c are the most massive planets (≤13 M J) that orbit within the HZ, and are ideal targets for determining the properties of potential hosts of HZ exomoons. These planets, along with the others highlighted, will serve as special edge cases to the Earth-based scenario, and observations of these targets will help test the resilience of habitability outside the standard model. The most promising observational HZ target that is known to transit is GJ 414 A b. Of the transiting, ≤2 R ⊕ HZ planets, LHS 1140 b, TRAPPIST-1 d, and K2-3 d are the most favorable. Of the nontransiting HZ planets, HD 102365 b and 55 Cnc f are the most promising, and the best nontransiting candidates that have ≤2 R ⊕ are GJ 667 C c, Wolf 1061 c, Ross 508 b, Teegarden’s Star b, and Proxima Cen b.

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Section: Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Catalog of Habitable Zone Exoplanets

Hill

Bott

Dalba

et al. 2023

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“…Following the procedures outlined in Petigura et al (2017) and Dedrick et al (2021), which utilize the publicly available packages SpecMatch-Empirical (Yee et al 2017) and isoclassify (Huber 2017;Berger et al 2020), we derive the effective temperature, mass, radius, age, metallicity, and log gravity for the star from our HIRES and APF spectra. Using the available values from each instrument, we also find that the star has a median ¢ R log HK of −5.47 ± 0.10, suggesting that it experiences very low activity levels.…”

Section: Stellar Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation of the Long-period Planet Orbiting Gliese 411 and the Detection of a New Planet Candidate

Hurt

Fulton

Isaacson

et al. 2022

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We perform a detailed characterization of the planetary system orbiting the bright, nearby M dwarf Gliese 411 using radial velocities gathered by APF, HIRES, SOPHIE, and CARMENES. We confirm the presence of a signal with a period near 2900 days that has been disputed as either a planet or a long-period stellar magnetic cycle. An analysis of activity metrics including the H α and log ′ R HK indices supports the interpretation that the signal corresponds to a Neptune-like planet, GJ 411 c. An additional signal near 215 days was previously dismissed as an instrumental systematic, but we find that a planetary origin cannot be ruled out. With a semimajor axis of 0.5142 ± 0.0042 au, this candidate’s orbit falls between those of its companions and is located beyond the outer edge of the system’s habitable zone (determined using the moist greenhouse and maximum greenhouse limits in Kopparapu et al. 2013). It has a minimum mass of 3.89 ± 0.84 M ⊕, giving a radial-velocity amplitude of 0.81 ± 0.18 m s−1. If confirmed, this would be one of the lowest-amplitude planet detections from any of these four instruments. Our analysis of the joint radial-velocity data set also provides tighter constraints on the orbital parameters for the previously known planets. Photometric data from TESS do not show any signs of a transit event. However, the outermost planet and candidate are prime targets for future direct imaging missions, and GJ 411 c may be detectable via astrometry.

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“…The color of data points on the top row of Figure 4 indicate TSM of the planet (Kempton et al 2018). On the left, one planet with both measured mass and radius stands out as having a significantly higher TSM value than the other planets: GJ 414 A b, a sub-Neptune planet that spends 48% of its orbit in the OHZ initially discovered by Dedrick et al (2021). GJ 414 A b has the greatest TSM of all known transiting planets, including those without mass measurements.…”

Section: Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lowest density planet that is non circumbinary is GJ 414 A b, a puffy mini-Neptune that spends 48% of its orbit in the OHZ of a K7 V star (Dedrick et al 2021).…”

Section: High and Low Density Planetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the HZ planets that have both a measured mass and radius GJ 414 A b, a 2.57 R ⊕ planet, has the highest TSM value (Figure 3) (Dedrick et al 2021). Of all the HZ planets, including those with a calculated mass or radius and whom are not known to transit, HD 102365 b, a 15.89 M ⊕ planet, has the greatest TSM, followed by 55 Cnc f, a 47.77 M ⊕ planet (Tinney et al 2011;Fischer et al 2008).…”

Section: Follow-up Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Catalog of Habitable Zone Exoplanets

Hill¹,

Bott²,

Dalba³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The search for habitable planets has revealed many planets that can vary greatly from an Earth analog environment. These include highly eccentric orbits, giant planets, different bulk densities, relatively active stars, and evolved stars. This work catalogs all planets found to reside in the HZ and provides HZ boundaries, orbit characterization, and the potential for spectroscopic follow-up observations. Demographics of the HZ planets are compared with a full catalog of exoplanets. Extreme planets within the HZ are highlighted, and how their unique properties may affect their potential habitability. Kepler-296 f is the most eccentric ≤ 2 R ⊕ planet that spends 100% of its orbit in the HZ. HD 106270 b and HD 38529 c are the most massive planets (≤ 13 M J ) that orbit within the HZ, and are ideal targets for determining the properties of potential hosts of HZ exomoons. These planets, along with the others highlighted, will serve as special edge-cases to the Earth-based scenario and observations of these targets will help test the resilience of habitability outside the standard model. The most promising observational HZ target that is known to transit is GJ 414 A b. Of the transiting, ≤ 2 R⊕ HZ planets, LHS 1140 b, TRAPPIST-1 d and K2-3 d are the most favorable. Of the nontransiting HZ planets HD 102365 b and 55 Cnc f are the most promising, and the best non-transiting candidates that are ≤ 2 R ⊕ are GJ 667 C c, Wolf 1061 c, Ross 508 b, Teegarden's Star b, and Proxima Cen b.

show abstract

Two Planets Straddling the Habitable Zone of the Nearby K Dwarf Gl 414A

Cited by 10 publications

References 74 publications

A Catalog of Habitable Zone Exoplanets

A Catalog of Habitable Zone Exoplanets

Confirmation of the Long-period Planet Orbiting Gliese 411 and the Detection of a New Planet Candidate

A Catalog of Habitable Zone Exoplanets

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