Two‐Photon Polymerization — A Versatile Microfabrication Tool

Niesler, Fabian; Hermatschweiler, M.

doi:10.1002/latj.201500019

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Focused ion beams systems could be used to sculp metallic materials at the required scale, but would not be suitable with the geometrical overhangs. Alternatively, we opted for the 2 photons lithography technique, a kind of 3D printer polymerizing submicron voxels of polymer resin with a laser [7]. The resolution and the geometrical versatility of the digital printing process make this technique the reference technique to print complex geometrical parts at the micron scale.…”

Section: The Costume Designer: a 2 Photons 3d Printermentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized Robotics: The Smallest Camera Operator Bot Pays Tribute to David Bowie

Lehmann

Rauch

Vitry

et al. 2020

IEEE Robot. Automat. Mag.

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Robotics and 3D printing pave the way of new methodologies for the future of many industries, but can also be used for original artistic projects including technological challenges. Imagine a film studio smaller than the size of your finger, an actor whose height is smaller than the thickness of your fingernail, and a camera using electrons instead of photons: these are the filming ingredients of the innovative film "Stardust Odyssey". Several years of development have been necessary to propose high precision miniaturized robots able to position 3D printed microfigurines in a Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) to produce the film released on November 27 th , 2019. This original film is available online on [1]. The film paying tribute to David Bowie has set a Guinness Book World record: the smallest 3D stop-motion animation character in the world [3].

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Section: The Costume Designer: a 2 Photons 3d Printermentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized Robotics: The Smallest Camera Operator Bot Pays Tribute to David Bowie

Lehmann

Rauch

Vitry

et al. 2020

IEEE Robot. Automat. Mag.

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“…Further, the photocurable resins being developed for 2PP are not directly relevant to the work presented in this paper, as these materials utilize two-photon absorption from tightly focused laser pulses, confining the polymerization region to the focal volume of the lasers resulting in high-resolution prints. This is unlike SLA in which the resolution of the part is dictated by layer-by-layer fabrication and Beer’s absorption law of the resin to resolve small features [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing 3D-Printed Microfluidics: Characterization of a Gas-Permeable, High-Resolution PDMS Resin for Stereolithography

et al. 2021

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The rapid expansion of microfluidic applications in the last decade has been curtailed by slow, laborious microfabrication techniques. Recently, microfluidics has been explored with additive manufacturing (AM), as it has gained legitimacy for producing end-use products and 3D printers have improved resolution capabilities. While AM satisfies many shortcomings with current microfabrication techniques, there still lacks a suitable replacement for the most used material in microfluidic devices, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Formulation of a gas-permeable, high-resolution PDMS resin was developed using a methacrylate–PDMS copolymer and the novel combination of a photoabsorber, Sudan I, and photosensitizer, 2-Isopropylthioxanthone. Resin characterization and 3D printing were performed using a commercially available DLP–SLA system. A previously developed math model, mechanical testing, optical transmission, and gas-permeability testing were performed to validate the optimized resin formula. The resulting resin has Young’s modulus of 11.5 MPa, a 12% elongation at break, and optical transmission of >75% for wavelengths between 500 and 800 nm after polymerization, and is capable of creating channels as small as 60 μm in height and membranes as thin as 20 μm. The potential of AM is just being realized as a fabrication technique for microfluidics as developments in material science and 3D printing technologies continue to push the resolution capabilities of these systems.

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“…The two-photon polymerization (2PP) technique, which uses a focused femtosecond pulse laser to induce polymerization of photopolymers in small voxels, has recently become a promising additive manufacturing method [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The rapid development of 3D printing technology using the 2PP principle has made it possible to fabricate three-dimensional shapes with nanoscale precision [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shrinkage-Considered Mold Design for Improvement of Micro/Nano-Structured Optical Element Performance

Kim

Kwak

2020

Micromachines

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Polymer shrinkage in nano-imprint lithography (NIL) is one of the critical issues that must be considered in order to produce a quality product. Especially, this condition should be considered during the manufacture of optical elements, because micro/nano-structured optical elements should be controlled to fit the desired shape in order to achieve the intended optical performance. In this paper, during NIL, we characterized the shrinkage of polymeric resin on micro lens array (MLA), which is one of the representative micro/nano-structured optical elements. The curvature shape and optical performance of MLA were measured to check the shrinkage tendency during the process. The master mold of MLA was generated by the two-photon polymerization (2PP) additive manufacturing method, and the tested samples were replicated from the master mold with NIL. Several types of resin were adjusted to prepare the specimens, and the shrinkage effects in each case were compared. The shrinkage showed different trends based on the NIL materials and MLA shapes. These characterizations can be applied to compensate for the MLA design, and the desired performance of MLA products can be achieved with a corrected master mold.

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Two‐Photon Polymerization — A Versatile Microfabrication Tool

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Miniaturized Robotics: The Smallest Camera Operator Bot Pays Tribute to David Bowie

Miniaturized Robotics: The Smallest Camera Operator Bot Pays Tribute to David Bowie

Advancing 3D-Printed Microfluidics: Characterization of a Gas-Permeable, High-Resolution PDMS Resin for Stereolithography

Shrinkage-Considered Mold Design for Improvement of Micro/Nano-Structured Optical Element Performance

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