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1998
DOI: 10.1364/ol.23.001238
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Two-photon near- and far-field fluorescence microscopy with continuous-wave excitation

Abstract: We report on scanning far- and near-field two-photon microscopy of cell nuclei stained with DAPI and bisbenzimidazole Hoechst 33342 (BBI-342) with the 647-nm laser line of a cw ArKr mixed-gas laser. Two-photon-excited fluorescence images are obtained for 50-200 mW of average power at the sample. A nearly quadratic dependence of fluorescence intensity on laser power confirmed the two-photon effect. The nonlinearity was further supported by evidence of three-dimensional sectioning in a scanning far-field microsc… Show more

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Cited by 80 publications
(60 citation statements)
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“…If the distance within probe and object is made less than l, the size of the probe's light spot on the sample becomes less than the diffraction limit, as was demonstrated by [133], and resolution in near-field appears to be much better than with the characteristic height h ) l (far-field). Practically, SNOM resolution reaches 50 nm [134]. Theoretically, this limit may be decreased to less than 1 nm.…”
Section: Potentialities Of Confocal and Near-field Microscopiesmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…If the distance within probe and object is made less than l, the size of the probe's light spot on the sample becomes less than the diffraction limit, as was demonstrated by [133], and resolution in near-field appears to be much better than with the characteristic height h ) l (far-field). Practically, SNOM resolution reaches 50 nm [134]. Theoretically, this limit may be decreased to less than 1 nm.…”
Section: Potentialities Of Confocal and Near-field Microscopiesmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The field is covered from optomagnetics up to Raman spectroscopy or two-color fluorescence imaging [30][31][32]. Commercial SNOM setups show limitations for the space and the detector one can use [3] and the number of light sources is limited.…”
Section: Scanning Near-field Microscopymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nowadays, a variety of different implementations of SNOM exists. Starting from the visionary work of Synge in 1929 [25] in which the basic idea of apertured SNOM was presented, the concept of a microscopy technique based on the local interaction of light mediated by a nanoprobe has been extended including, but not limited at, Scattering-type SNOM (s-SNOM) [26], collection mode SNOM [27], illumination-mode SNOM [28], PSTM (Photon Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy) [29], coupled to several detection methods ranging from interferometric homodyne [30], heterodyne [31,32], to spectrometric (fluorescence [33,34] and Raman [35]). A comprehensive description of SNOM-related techniques is outside the scope of this work.…”
Section: Techniques For the Characterization Of Surfaces At The Nanosmentioning
confidence: 99%