1998
DOI: 10.1364/ao.37.007352
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Two-photon fluorescence excitation cross sections of biomolecular probes from 690 to 960 nm

Abstract: We report on two-photon fluorescence excitation (TPE) action cross sections for five widely used molecular fluorophores. Measurements were performed by use of ultrashort (~100-fs) Ti:sapphire pulsed excitation over the range 690-960 nm. TPE spectra were obtained by comparison with a fluorescein calibration standard. Large cross sections were found for the cyanine reagent Cy 3 (~140 GM) and for Rhodamine 6G (~150 GM), both at 700 nm [1 GM = 10(-50) (cm(4) s)/photon]. Several fluorophores show interesting and de… Show more

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Cited by 637 publications
(560 citation statements)
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“…Although these Φ F σ 2 -values are lower than those of other organic fluorescent dyes (e.g. 10-100 GM 23 ), ANG-2 seems to be 2P-excitable. At 780 nm, the used 2P-excitation wavelength for in situ recordings in this study, an increase in Φ F σ 2 from (0.45 ± 0.01) GM for the Na + -free form to (5.91 ± 0.08) GM for the Na + -saturated form was observed.…”
Section: Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences Papermentioning
confidence: 58%
“…Although these Φ F σ 2 -values are lower than those of other organic fluorescent dyes (e.g. 10-100 GM 23 ), ANG-2 seems to be 2P-excitable. At 780 nm, the used 2P-excitation wavelength for in situ recordings in this study, an increase in Φ F σ 2 from (0.45 ± 0.01) GM for the Na + -free form to (5.91 ± 0.08) GM for the Na + -saturated form was observed.…”
Section: Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences Papermentioning
confidence: 58%
“…Two-photon absorption relies on the essentially instantaneous delivery of two low-energy photons to promote a chromophore from the ground state to the excited state (27), and is beneficial for imaging in thick tissue because lower-energy photons scatter less, cause less tissue damage, and, in the case of two-photon microscopy, reduce out-of-plane illumination because of the quadratic dependence of two-photon absorbance on incident light intensity (30). We measured the two-photon absorption cross-section (σ TPA ) of RVF5 and VF2.1.Cl in solution by normalizing to a rhodamine B standard (SI Appendix) (31)(32)(33). A plot of two-photon cross-section vs. excitation wavelength reveals a σ TPA maximum of 120 GM at 820 nm for RVF5 (Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…TPEF measurements were calibrated relative to the absolute TPEF action crosssection determined by Xu and Webb for fluorescein in water (pH ) 11) in the 690-1000-nm range. 90,91 For each data point, an additional control was performed using the known TPEF action cross-section of rhodamine B in methanol. 90, 91 The experimental uncertainty amounts to (10%.…”
Section: Scheme 1: Synthesis Of Chromophores 1-3mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…90,91 For each data point, an additional control was performed using the known TPEF action cross-section of rhodamine B in methanol. 90, 91 The experimental uncertainty amounts to (10%.…”
Section: Scheme 1: Synthesis Of Chromophores 1-3mentioning
confidence: 99%