“Two-Photon” Coincidence Imaging with a Classical Source

Abstract

Coincidence imaging is a technique that extracts an image of a test system from the statistics of photons transmitted by a reference system when the two systems are illuminated by a source possessing appropriate correlations. It has recently been argued that quantum entangled sources are necessary for the implementation of this technique. We show that this technique does not require entanglement, and we provide an experimental demonstration of coincidence imaging using a classical source. We further find that any kind of coincidence imaging technique which uses a "bucket" detector in the test arm is incapable of imaging phase-only objects, whether a classical or quantum source is employed.

Single-pixel digital ghost holography

“…Later it was proved that many features obtained in a ghost imaging experiment could also be reproduced with a pseudothermal classical light source [16]. After two decades of intense debate, we now understand that it can be implemented with either quantum or classical sources, albeit with slightly distinct features [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Leaving aside * torresv@chalmers.se the quantum vs classical debate, the ghost appellative actually offers enormous possibilities for optical imaging hitherto not fully exploited.…”

Lensless Fourier-transform ghost imaging with classical incoherent light

“…Ghost imaging and ghost diffraction of amplitude-only objects with classical thermal light have been examined experimentally [13,19,20,21,22,23,24,25] . Experimental evidence of Fresnel-transform ghost imaging and ghost diffractive imaging of a pure-phase object with both entangled photons and classical thermal light have also been reported [21,26], and the lenses are key optical elements in all these experiments.…”

Single-pixel imaging by means of Fourier spectrum acquisition

“…For example, a commercial digital projector displays the patterns in 24-bit mode; a programmable digital micromirror device (DMD) that displays the patterns in binary mode, and the defocusing 17 or the spatial filtering approach 16 is employed to make the resulting patterns sinusoidal; two coherent plane waves intersect at an angle to form a sinusoid pattern. What is more, the technique presented here is a compressive sampling 4,[8][9][10]12,13 like approach. It applies measurement in the Fourier domain, where most natural images are sparse.…”

“…Later single-pixel imaging techniques that use a classical light source to exploit Helmholtz reciprocity 3 have been proposed. These techniques include GI [4][5][6][7] , computational imaging [8][9][10][11] and dual photography 1,12,13 . These single-pixel techniques can potentially capture a scene with indirect measurement where detectors sample the indirect light only.…”