Two Phases of Cretaceous—Tertiary Magmatism in the Eastern Desert of Egypt: Paleomagnetic, Chemical and K-Ar Evidence

Ressetar, R.; Nairn, A.E.M.; Monrad, J.R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-41956-9.50019-8

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The seven new igneous poles fit fairly well the sedimentary data, confirming the reliability of the proposed path. An anticlockwise rotation on the order of 10-15° is necessary to bring back the Egyptian curve onto the South African MPWP, similar to what have been described by Ibrahim (1999) Hussain, 1977 Baharya ### ### 44 # 7 84 163 5 ## Schult et al, 1978 Aswan ### ### 83 # 18 ## 80 227 5 47 Hussain et al, 1979 Mandisha ### ### 17 # 2 30 58 187 8 Hussain et al, 1979 Tereifiya ### ### 44 4 6 ## 69 189 5 ## Hussain et al, 1979 Shihat ### ### ## # 4 30 45 273 34 Hussain et al, 1980 Qatrani ### ### 25 2 15 41 64 87 1 ## Ressetar et al, 1981 Egypt ### ### 20 # 7 60 68 102 12 27 Ressetar et al, 1981 Qusier ### ### 81 # 16 92 63 252 2 ## Ressetar et al, 1981 Natash ### ### 83 5 5 24 76 228 15 26 Ressetar et al, 1981 Khafa ### ### 88 6 4 18 61 238 6 ## Ressetar et al, 1981 Khrug ### ### 89 0 6 16 59 266 10 44 Schult et al, 1981 Qatrani ### ### 26 4 3 73 81 11 ## Schult et al, 1981 Natash ### ### 93 7 15 ## 69 258 7 31 Schult et al, 1981 Baharya ### ### 36 2 9 84 139 7 60 Schult et al, 1981 Natash ### ### 93 7 5 ## 83 231 8 94 Reynolds, 1982 Zabel ### ### 23 1 1 5 68 92 3 ## Hussain, Aziz, 1983 Oweinat ### ### 34 # 5 ## 74 160 8 64 Hussain, Aziz, 1983 Oweinat ### ### 83 # 10 ## 68 269 10 19 Hussain, Aziz, 1983 Oweinat ### ### 83 # 7 82 77 258 9 49 Saradeth, 1987 Gifata ### ### 68 3 7 ## 82 225 8 60 Lofty, 1995 Cairo ### ### 18 0 16 ## 76 111 4 ## Lofty, 1995 Cairo ### ### 23 0 11 ## 66 167 2 ## Abdeldayem, 1996 Qattara ### ### 14 9 11 64 77 198 2 ## Lofty, Odah, 1998 Cairo ### ### 21 7 66 76 107 3 27 Lofty, Odah, 1998 Cairo ### ### 23 43 66 164 4 31 Lofty, Odah, 1998 Cairo ### ### 20 3 27 79 119 7 18 Lofty, Odah, 1998 Cairo ### ### 36 2 58 64 162 3 26 Abdeldayem, 1999 Qatrani ### ### 24 0 2 15 67 98 19 ## Abdeldayem, 1999 Qatrani ### ### 25 2 9 64 80 151 6 74 …”

Section: Compilation Of the Cretaceous Data At The Site Levelsupporting

confidence: 63%

Cenozoic to Cretaceous paleomagnetic dataset from Egypt: New data, review and global analysis

Perrin

Saleh

2018

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Different phases of igneous activity took place in Egypt during the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic and oriented samples were collected from three Cenozoic localities (Baharya oasis in the Western Desert, Abu Had in the Eastern Desert and Quseir along the Red Sea coast), and four Cretaceous localities (Toshki & Abu Simbel south of Aswan, and Shalaten & Abu Shihat along the Red Sea coast). Rock magnetic properties of the samples indicate magnetite and titanomagnetite as the main carrier of the remanent magnetization. Following stepwise demagnetization, characteristic remanent directions were identified only for 62% of the samples, a fairly low rate for that type of samples, and 8 new paleomagnetic poles were calculated. All our Cenozoic poles fall clearly off Master Polar Wander Paths proposed for South Africa. Therefore, all paleomagnetic results, previously published for Egypt, were compiled from Cretaceous to Quaternary. The published poles largely overlap, blurring the Egyptian Apparent Polar Wander Path. A new analysis at the site level was then carried out. Only poles having a kappa larger than 50 were selected, and new pole positions were calculated by area and by epoch, when at least 3 sites were available. Even though the selection drastically reduced the number of considered poles, it allows definition of a reliable Cenozoic apparent polar wander trend for Egypt that differs from the South African Master Polar Wander Path by about 10-15°. If the Cretaceous igneous poles are in good agreement with the rest of the African data, the sedimentary poles plot close to the Cenozoic portion of the South African

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Section: Compilation Of the Cretaceous Data At The Site Levelsupporting

confidence: 63%

Cenozoic to Cretaceous paleomagnetic dataset from Egypt: New data, review and global analysis

Perrin

Saleh

2018

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…Available K-Ar ages for trachytes were only slightly younger, ranging between 86 Ma (Ressetar 1979) and 78 Ma (Higazy and El Ramly 1960). Among the various ring complexes of Upper Cretaceous ages (90±5 Ma; Meneisy and Kreuzer 1974;Serencsits 1979;Ressetar et al 1981), those of El Kahfa and Abu Khrug were intruded at intersections of the main NE-SW, E-W, N-S and NW-SE fault trends (El Gammal et al 2013), clearly implying a tectonic control for their intrusion. As a whole, new zircon ages indicate that the overall volcanic history at Natash was relatively brief, being eruption times roughly synchronous for both basaltic flows and more evolved melts, although trachytes and rhyolites became probably the dominant products at the end of volcanic activity (Khalaf et al 2018) The finding of bimodal (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zircon is a common accessory phase particularly in rhyolites, where it mainly occurs within feldspar laths (Mohamed 2001). Using available bulk rock compositions (Ressetar et al 1981;Mohamed 2001) and the zircon saturation model proposed by Gervasoni et al (2016), we calculated putative zircon saturation T values in the range of 830° to 930° C for trachytes and 900 for average rhyolite. In turn, assuming for rhyolites a T range of 900-800° C, a value from 725 down to 400 ppm Zr is obtained for melt at zircon saturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Upper Cretaceous volcanism in the Natash area (southeast Egypt) has been extensively investigated (Ressetar et al 1981;Crawford et al 1984;Mohamed 2001;Endress et al 2009Endress et al , 2011Abu El-Rus et al 2016Abu El_Rus and Rooney, 2017;Khalaf et al 2018) most geochronologic studies are still limited to bulk-rock Rb-Sr and K-Ar ages that are sensitive to alteration. This makes it difficult to decipher the relationships between mafic and more evolved volcanics as a function of tectonic activity and eruption dynamics and to set an overall geodynamic scenario.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bimodal zircon ages from Natash volcanics (southeast Egypt) and the link between eruption mechanisms and Late Cretaceous tectonics

et al. 2019

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Trachyte plugs from the Natash volcanic field have been precisely dated using in situ U-Pb geochronology on zircon grains at similar to 93Ma. Available zircon ages thus suggest that the overall volcanic history at Natash was probably shorter than previously estimated based on Rb-Sr and K-Ar ages, which are more sensitive to element mobility. Basaltic flows and trachyte plugs were produced by a largely synchronous, Upper Cretaceous volcanic activity that occurred in the Natash area at the onset of the extensional fracturing that preceded and accompanied the doming of the Afro-Arabian Shield. Extraction and eruption of volumetrically dominant basalts from deeper lithospheric levels were ruled by major NW-SE strike-slip faults, whereas both major and subordinate fault systems activated by successive tectonic pulses favoured the ascent of more evolved melts (i.e. trachytes and rhyolites) from shallow-level magma chambers. The study revealed also the presence of zircon xenocrysts in some trachyte plugs associated or not to magmatic zircon. These xenocrysts have pre-Cambrian ages (similar to 681Ma) matching those of zircons from basement rocks in the area (similar to 700Ma) and were most probably incorporated during the emplacement of trachyte plugs at shallow depths. The strictly bimodal ages recorded by zircons suggest a very large time gap (>500Ma) between the end of the Pan-African Orogeny and the onset of new tectono-magmatic activity in the Natash area.

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“…1b) and are, therefore, of great importance in understanding the ongoing differentiation and dynamics within the Earth during the early stages of the continental rifts. Detailed chemical, but not isotopic, studies of Natash volcanics highlighted the role of fractional crystallization in the differentiation of primary magmas (e.g., Hashad and El-Reedy, 1979;Ressetar et al, 1981;Hashad et al 1982;Crawford et al, 1984;Hubbard et al, 1987;Hashad, 1994;Mohamed et al, 2001), which most probably took place in multiple short-lived chambers beneath the Natash field rather than in an individual long-lived chamber (Mohamed, 2001). Crustal contamination was also involved in the formation of some volcanics at later stages of the fractionation process (Hashad et al 1982).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the HIMU component within Pan-African lithosphere beneath northeast Africa: Evidence from Late Cretaceous Natash alkaline volcanics, Egypt

El-Rus

Chazot

Vannucci

et al. 2018

Lithos

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International audienceA large late Cretaceous (~ 90 Ma) volcanic field (the Natash volcanic province) crops out in southeast Egypt at the northwestern boundary of the Arabian-Nubian shield. The lavas are mainly of alkaline affinity and exhibit a continuous compositional range from alkali olivine basalt (AOB) to trachyte and rhyolite. All basaltic lavas in the province record various extents of fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and spinel. The basaltic lavas show variations in Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic ratios [(87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7030–0.70286; (143Nd/144Nd)i = 0.512653–0.512761; (206Pb/204Pb)i = 19.28–19.94; (177Hf-176Hf)i = 0.28274–0.28285], that correlate markedly with the major and trace element ratios and abundances. Assimilation of crustal material cannot explain these correlations, and we invoke instead melting of a multicomponent mantle source. We infer the existence of High-μ (HIMU), Enriched mantle type-I (EM-I) and Depleted mantle (DM) domains in the melting source, with a predominant contribution from the HIMU-type. We suggests further that the basaltic lavas originate from low degrees of partial melting (F < 5%) at moderate potential temperatures (TP) 1391–1425 °C and pressures of 2.0–2.6 GPa. The melting pressure estimations imply that melting entirely occurred within lithospheric mantle, most likely in the presence of residual amphibole as presence negative K-anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized patterns of the fractionation-corrected melts. The presence of amphibole within the lithosphere is a strong evidence that the lithospheric mantle underwent metasomatic enrichment prior to melting in Late Cretaceous. This metasomatic event affected on the Pb isotopic compositions of the Natash volcanics by adding Th and U to the melting source. Time-integrated calculations to remove the decoupling between 206Pb and 207Pb isotopes that most probably resulted from the metasomatic event indicate a tentative link between the metasomatism occurring in the Pan-African lithospheric mantle and the formation of juvenile crust during the Pan-African Orogeny. A two stage evolution model is therefore proposed for volcanism in the Natash area: fluxing of the lithosphere by hydrous fluids during Pan-African Orogeny forming a hybrid lithospheric mantle that in Late Cretaceous underwent thermal erosion and melting in response to upwelling asthenosphere, possibly at the onset of the extensional fracturing preceded the doming of the Afro-Arabian Shield

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Two Phases of Cretaceous—Tertiary Magmatism in the Eastern Desert of Egypt: Paleomagnetic, Chemical and K-Ar Evidence

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Cenozoic to Cretaceous paleomagnetic dataset from Egypt: New data, review and global analysis

Cenozoic to Cretaceous paleomagnetic dataset from Egypt: New data, review and global analysis

Bimodal zircon ages from Natash volcanics (southeast Egypt) and the link between eruption mechanisms and Late Cretaceous tectonics

Tracing the HIMU component within Pan-African lithosphere beneath northeast Africa: Evidence from Late Cretaceous Natash alkaline volcanics, Egypt

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