Two-phase pressure drop in multiple thick- and thin-orifice plates

Kojasoy, Gunol; Landis, Fred; Kwame-Mensah, P.; Chang, C.T.

doi:10.1016/s0894-1777(97)00003-4

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For multiple industries, it is a common practice to flow liquid and gas mixtures through restriction-style chokes (Ajienka et al 1994;Alimonti et al 2010;Almeida 2013;Campos et al 2014;Elgibaly and Nashawi 1998;Grose 1985;Kojasoy et al 1997;Perkins 1993;Schüller et al 2003;Zhang and Cai 1999). Specifically, within the oil and gas industry, restriction-style FCDs are heavily used as wellhead chokes to control production from wells, as a critical part of single or multiphase flow measurement valves, and within gas lift valves (Ajienka et al 1994;AlAttar 2013;Almeida 2013;Surbey et al 2013).…”

Section: Restriction-style Flow Control Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of flow control devices in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) completion

Banerjee

Hasçakir

2017

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Commercialization of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process has made recovery of heavy oil/bitumen possible in a number of reservoirs hindered by hydrocarbon immobility. However, the economics of this process are highly sensitive to the efficiency of steam creation, delivery, and use, with a successful and unsuccessful SAGD well pair often separated by how effectively thermal inefficiencies can be mitigated in the flow profiles of steam injection and/or in emulsion recovery. To improve flow profiles, Albertan SAGD completions have experimented with the addition of flow control devices (FCDs). These completion tools have historically been used to regulate liquid inflow across long producing laterals, adding a variable pressure drop along the lateral to improve the conformance of hydrocarbon production and delay water breakthrough; within SAGD completions, FCDs find novel use to force a more even flow distribution of steam in the injector and a thermally dependent inflow profile in the producer to maximize recovery of heavy oil/bitumen. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of different FCD designs, discussing their respective methods of regulation, the fluid-adaptive behavior of ''autonomous'' FCDs, operational strengths and weaknesses of different commercial offerings, and suggestions on how to use existing pressure loss models for FCDs and apply them to the non-traditional application of regulating SAGD flow profiles, both for equipment sizing and estimation of pressure loss/flow rates across the device. From this work, it is proposed that use of autonomous FCDs in the production lateral are of greater value than use of flow control in the injector; however maximum benefits are achieved by coupling simple orifice-style FCDs in the injector lateral with autonomous, large flow path (nonorifice) FCDs capable of controlling steam flash events in the production well.

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Section: Restriction-style Flow Control Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of flow control devices in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) completion

Banerjee

Hasçakir

2017

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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“…For multiple industries, it is a common practice to flow liquid and gas mixtures through restriction-style chokes (Ajienka et al 1994;Alimonti et al 2010;Almeida 2013;Campos et al 2014;Elgibaly and Nashawi 1998;Grose 1985;Kojasoy et al 1997;Perkins 1993;Schüller et al 2003;Zhang and Cai 1999). Specifically within the oil and gas industry, restriction-style FCDs are heavily used as wellhead chokes to control production from wells, as a critical part of single or multiphase flow measurement valves, and within gas lift valves (Ajienka et al 1994;Al-Attar 2013;Almeida 2013;Surbey et al 2013).…”

Section: Restriction-style Fcdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 7 illustrates the contraction and expansion behavior of the flow stream through a thin and thick orifice geometry. (Kojasoy et al 1997).…”

Section: Restriction-style Fcdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Control Devices in SAGD Completion Design: Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery Through Improved Thermal Efficiencies

Banerjee

Hasçakir

2017

SPE Western Regional Meeting

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The volume of heavy oil/bitumen recoverable worldwide is vast in quantity but difficult and energy intensive to extract due to the high in-situ oil viscosity of these unconventional plays. One method of thermal recovery, steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), has proven a commercial success in heavy oil/bitumen production by using steam to raise the temperature of heavy oil/bitumen in the reservoir with a resulting lower hydrocarbon viscosity, shifting the relative mobility of reservoir oil to one favorable for extraction via horizontal wells.However, geological and reservoir heterogeneity often complicate this task resulting in uneven production rates, higher operational costs, and stranded heavy oil/bitumen. This work theorizes that SAGD recovery is improved using flow control devices (FCDs) to force conformance in SAGD laterals. To test this theory, a novel protocol and test flow loop was developed to measure pressure drop across an autonomous hybrid FCD while flowing multiphase mixtures containing steam. This laboratory data was used to qualify existing pressure drop correlations and determine if nitrogen gas, a common test gas to describe FCD pressure drop response, creates suitable data for modeling steam systems. Finally, the flow loop was used to induce a steam "flash", a transition of water at saturation temperature to vapor due to a suddenly decreased pressure

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“…Although there is no assurance that a multiphase flow follows the single-phase pattern, the assumption of negligible viscous dissipation was assumed in other studies [16]. Besides, in the pioneer paper of Chisholm [4] studying incompressible two-phase mixtures through orifices, the assumption of equal contraction coefficients (ratio of cross sections at the vena contracta and at the throat) was made for the liquid and gas phases.…”

Section: Discharge Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kojasov et al [16] studied the total pressure drop (sudden contraction plus sudden expansion) across orifice plates (thick and thin) and generated a benchmark data base using saturated twophase R-113 as working fluid. Using the mass, momentum and energy equation, the departure of the slip ratio from Chisholm's correlation was adjusted from the experimental data, resulting pressure drop mean errors between 10:5% and 14:5% for the three different data sets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orifice plate meter field performance: Formulation and validation in multiphase flow conditions

Campos

Baliño

Slobodcicov

et al. 2014

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

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Two-phase pressure drop in multiple thick- and thin-orifice plates

Cited by 50 publications

References 2 publications

Design of flow control devices in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) completion

Design of flow control devices in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) completion

Flow Control Devices in SAGD Completion Design: Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery Through Improved Thermal Efficiencies

Orifice plate meter field performance: Formulation and validation in multiphase flow conditions

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