Two‐phase polymer systems

Rosen, S. L.

doi:10.1002/pen.760070210

Cited by 98 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This approach can take several forms. The oldest and most basic is to chemically link one phase to the other as is done in the manufacture of rubber-modified impact grades of polystyrene (11,12,13).…”

Section: Miscible and Immiscible Polymer Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review of Polymer Blend Technology

Paul

Barlow

1979

Advances in Chemistry

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Thermodynamically miscible, single amorphous-phase multi--component polymer blends with good physical properties are rapidly being discovered as researchers become aware that miscible polymer pairs require chemical structures which form strong specific interactions. Thermodynamically immiscible, multiphase blends continue to be developed as a variety of methods, including use of interfacial agents, morphology control, and interpenetrating network formation, are used to improve physical properties by enhancing interphase stress transfer. Recent commercial applications of both types of blends are given and their economic and property advantages are discussed.T^he concept of appropriately combining together two or more different A polymers to obtain a new material system with the desirable features of its constituents is not new. Over the years, numerous systems based on the chemical combination of different monomers through random, block, and graft copolymerization methods have been developed with this goal in mind. For similar reasons the coating and rubber industries have long blended together different low molecular weight polymers; and particularly over the last decade, the interest in polymer blend systems as a way to meet new market applications with minimum development cost has increased rapidly.It is the purpose of this chapter to briefly examine the present state of the art of polymer blends from both a technical and commercial standpoint. Because of the large variety of blend systems currently being investigated and used commercially, it will not be possible to present an in-depth discussion of specific results. Instead, the first two sections of this chapter will concentrate on the key concepts and fundamental 0-8412-0457-8/79/33-176-315$05.25/0

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Section: Miscible and Immiscible Polymer Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review of Polymer Blend Technology

Paul

Barlow

1979

Advances in Chemistry

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“…ince the size of PS domains are rge with respect to the wavelenght of the visible light, they scatter the light which In this region the structure of the film is made of individual coalesced PS domains immersed in a continous matrix of BuA1 polymer. S la cause turbidity in the film [37]. Here it is interesting to note that transmittance of the blend films in region I and II does not change so much especially remains almost the same for region II before and after annealing.…”

Section: Results and Dıscussıonmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…AFM images of blend film prepared with a-100, b-80, c-50 and d-30 t%PS latex annealed at 200 0 C. espite the refractive indices of two polymers are somewhat different[36] (with voids[9,10,17,21] in the film which can scatter the of about 0.12), it is understood that the turbidity is mostly associated with aggregation[37] of hard latex and10 -10.1515/epoly.2006.6.1.472 Downloaded from De Gruyter Online at 09/12/2016 09:55:07AM via free access light. However, after annealing at 200 0 C three different regions are seen in Fig 10b.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Study of Fılm Formatıon From Hard/ Soft Latex Blends

Uǧur

Holl

2006

E-Polymers

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The effects of blend composition on film formation is studied using the SSF and UV-visible (UVV) techniques. Latex blend films were prepared from mixtures of two types of particles in dispersion, one composed of a high-T g (hard) pyrene (P) labeled polystyrene (PS) latex; the other a low-T g (soft) poly(n-butyl acrylate) (BuA1). Twelve different blend films were prepared in various hard/soft latex compositions at room temperature and annealed at elevated temperatures above glass transition temperature (T g ) of polystyerene for 10 min. Fluorescence intensity (I P ) from P was measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. The evolution of transparency of latex films was monitored using photon transmission intensity, I tr . Film morphologies were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that as the amount of hard component in the blend is decreased, a significant change occured in both I P and I tr curves at a certain critical weight fraction (50%wt) of PS hard latex. Above this fraction two distinct film formation stages, which are named as void closure and interdiffusion were seen in fluorescence data. However, below 50%wt PS no film formation stages were observed. Below this fraction, I tr data showed that phase separation process occurs between PS and BuA1 polymers. These results were also confirmed by AFM pictures. Film formation stages for 50-100%wt range of PS were modeled and related activation energies were calculated. There was no observable change in activation energies confirming that film formation behavior is not affected by varying the blend composition.

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“…imum benefit from the rubber phase in these apThis procedure requires a very low degree of crossplications. 5 linking of the original P(Bd-S) latex before coagulation, and the vulcanization temperature is usually quite high. These kinds of conditions are not in the form of an elastomeric film cast directly of the P(BD-S) Seed Latex from the latex under mild temperature conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grafting behavior of n‐butyl acrylate onto poly(butadiene‐co‐styrene) latexes

Daniels

Klein

et al. 1997

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The radical-induced grafting of n-butyl acrylate (BA) onto poly(butadieneco-styrene) [(P(Bd-S)] latexes during seeded emulsion polymerization was studied. This P(Bd-S)/PBA rubber/rubber core/shell latex system exhibited unique grafting behavior as compared to other extensively studied rubber/glass core/shell latex systems, such as poly(butadiene-co-styrene)/poly(methyl methacrylate) [P(Bd-S)/ PMMA], poly(butadiene-co-styrene)/polystyrene [P(Bd-S)/PS] and poly(butadieneco-styrene)/poly(acrylonitrile) [P(Bd-S)/PAN]. These composite latexes were characterized by the formation of a highly grafted/crosslinked P(Bd-S)/PBA interphase zone generated during the seeded emulsion polymerization process. Although both of the individual core and shell polymers studied were ''soft'' themselves, the resulting P(Bd-S)/PBA composite latex particles were found to be rather ''hard.'' The formation of the interphase zone was studied by using techniques such as solvent extraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

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Two‐phase polymer systems

Cited by 98 publications

References 43 publications

A Brief Review of Polymer Blend Technology

A Brief Review of Polymer Blend Technology

Fluorescence Study of Fılm Formatıon From Hard/ Soft Latex Blends

Grafting behavior of n‐butyl acrylate onto poly(butadiene‐co‐styrene) latexes

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