Two-phase mini-thermosyphon electronics cooling: Dynamic modeling, experimental validation and application to 2U servers

Lamaison, Nicolas; Ong, Chin Lee; Marcinichen, Jackson B.; Thome, John R.

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.198

Cited by 87 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…MANGO will extend the experience acquired in the latest research on advanced compact modelling for liquidcooling monitoring [25] to explore the time constants of thermal and energy control knobs to develop nextgeneration cooling technologies for HPC systems. In particular, we will explore the use of a novel passive thermosyphon (gravity-driven) cooling technology that will attempt to include multiple parallel heat sources at multiple elevations to eliminate energy consumption [26]. Thus, in MANGO we will carry out for the first time in an heterogeneous HPC system a preliminary evaluation of the benefits and drawbacks of a gravity-driven two-phase liquid cooling prototype, developed and measured in the facilities of EPFL.…”

Section: Thermal and Cooling Innovations In Mangomentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring manycore architectures for next-generation HPC systems through the MANGO approach

Flich

Agosta

Ampletzer³

et al. 2018

Microprocessors and Microsystems

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Section: Thermal and Cooling Innovations In Mangomentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring manycore architectures for next-generation HPC systems through the MANGO approach

Flich

Agosta

Ampletzer³

et al. 2018

Microprocessors and Microsystems

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“…Transient thermosyphon numerical models have been proposed in previous work [4], [5], [9], [6]. In this paper, we present a simplified steady-state numerical model.…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the density of the two-phase mixture in the riser is lower than the liquid in the downcomer, a flow rate is created under the gravity field. In the literature [4], [5], an accumulator, which is mainly a downcomer with larger section, is added to these four parts. This accumulator reduces the height change of the liquid level and, as a consequence, stabilizes the system for a large operating domain.…”

Section: Thermosyphon Fundamentals Working Principle Of the Thermosyphonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research in this area either focused on the development of large-scale thermosyphon prototypes that served as proof-of-concept demonstrators [4], [5], or addressed the development of numerical models able to simulate the properties of mini-thermosyphons, in order to provide a design for 2U servers [6], [7]. To the best of our knowledge, no real microscale thermosyphon prototype has yet been built and validated in a commercial platform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of a Two-Phase Gravity-Driven Micro-Scale Thermosyphon Cooling System for High-Performance Computing Data Centers

Iranfar

Zapater

Thome

et al. 2018

2018 17th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)

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Next-generation High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems need to provide outstanding performance with unprecedented energy efficiency while maintaining servers at safe thermal conditions. Air cooling presents important limitations when employed in HPC infrastructures. Instead, two-phase onchip cooling combines small footprint area and large heat exchange surface of micro-channels together with extremely high heat transfer performance, and allows for waste heat recovery. When relying on gravity to drive the flow to the heat sink, the system is called a closed-loop two-phase thermosyphon. Previous research work either focused on the development of large-scale proof-of-concept thermosyphon demonstrators, or on the development of numerical models able to simulate their operation. In this work, we present a new ultra-compact microscale thermosyphon design for high heat flux components. We manufactured a working 8 cm height prototype tailored for Virtex 7 FPGAs with a heat spreader area of 45 mm × 45 mm, and we validate its performance via measurements. The results are compared to our simulator and accurately match the thermal performance of the thermosyphon, with error of less than 3.5% . Our prototype is able to work over the full range of power of the Virtex7, dissipating up to 60 W of power while keeping chip temperature below 60 • C. The prototype will next be deployed in a 10 kW rack as part of an HPC prototype, with an expected Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) below 1.05.

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“…Because of a lack of understanding about the dynamic nature of the flow and heat transfer in a thermosyphon, there is an increasing demand for validation experiments. Lamaison et al [13] presented and validated a novel dynamic simulation tool for predicting the behavior of a two-phase minithermosyphon with microchannels. Both the mini-thermosyphon and simulation tool was successfully applied for the retrofitting of a commercial server by cooling its two CPU processors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the generalized model of two-phase thermosyphon loop based on experimental measurements of volumetric flow rate

Bieliński

2016

Archives of Thermodynamics

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The current paper presents the experimental validation of the generalized model of the two-phase thermosyphon loop. The generalized model is based on mass, momentum, and energy balances in the evaporators, rising tube, condensers and the falling tube. The theoretical analysis and the experimental data have been obtained for a new designed variant. The variant refers to a thermosyphon loop with both minichannels and conventional tubes. The thermosyphon loop consists of an evaporator on the lower vertical section and a condenser on the upper vertical section. The one-dimensional homogeneous and separated two-phase flow models were used in calculations. The latest minichannel heat transfer correlations available in literature were applied. A numerical analysis of the volumetric flow rate in the steady-state has been done. The experiment was conducted on a specially designed test apparatus. Ultrapure water was used as a working fluid. The results show that the theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the measured volumetric flow rate at steady-state.

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Two-phase mini-thermosyphon electronics cooling: Dynamic modeling, experimental validation and application to 2U servers

Cited by 87 publications

References 30 publications

Exploring manycore architectures for next-generation HPC systems through the MANGO approach

Exploring manycore architectures for next-generation HPC systems through the MANGO approach

Design of a Two-Phase Gravity-Driven Micro-Scale Thermosyphon Cooling System for High-Performance Computing Data Centers

Validation of the generalized model of two-phase thermosyphon loop based on experimental measurements of volumetric flow rate

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