“…PDOs have been studied theoretically (Doḡan et al, 1983;Mawasha et al, 2001;Padki et al, 1992Padki et al, , 1991Stenning and Veziroglu, 1965) and experimentally (Çomaklı et al, 2002;Ding et al, 1995;Guo et al, 1996;Ozawa et al, 1979;Yüncü et al, 1991) in the past decades. Recent studies on PDO have been reported in the condition of the mini channel (Yu et al, 2016) and microchannel system (Zhang et al, 2010). However, due to the complexity of the process, the mechanisms controlling the characteristics of the PDO and the impact of the oscillations in the heat transfer and pressure drop remain major research challenges.…”