Two Phase Equilibria of Metal Ions in Pulping Unit Operations: From Impregnation to Oxygen Bleaching

Competitive sorption of Na+ and Ca2+ ions on unbleached kraft fibres—A kinetics and equilibrium study

“…The influence of pH and ionic strength of solution on the distribution coefficient is also predictable [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Bryant and Edwards [14] established a mathematical model based on the ion exchange theory to predict the partition of cations in pulp mill process streams.…”

“…Karhu et al. [8] tested the ion exchange theory, including the effect of ionic strength and pH, by carrying out experiments with pairs of ionised elements. The ion exchange constant for each cationic pair, which was assumed to be pH independent, was calculated.…”

Sorption of Na+, Ca2+ ions from aqueous solution onto unbleached kraft fibers—kinetics and equilibrium studies

“…The pronounced influence of pH and ionic strength of solution on the distribution of metal ions have been reported [7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The nature of the sorption depends also on the structure of kraft fibers, which is highly complex consisting of layers of crystalline microfibril bundles of cellulose.…”

Thermodynamic aspects of sorption of Fe2+ onto unbleached kraft fibres

“…The pronounced influence of pH and ionic strength of solution to the distribution of metal ions on the distribution coefficient have been also reported [5,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The kinetics and isotherm sorption of Na + and Ca 2+ onto unbleached kraft fibres was previously studied in details by Duong et al [17].…”