Two-Phase Biofluid Flow Model for Magnetic Drug Targeting

Boutopoulos, Ioannis D.; Lampropoulos, Dimitrios S.; Bourantas, George C.; Miller, Karol; Loukopoulos, V. C.

doi:10.3390/sym12071083

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, the magnetised nanoparticles also exert forces on each other when they are close. According to Furlani and Ng (2006), Keaveny and Maxey (2008), Han et al (2010), Khashan et al (2011), Woińska et al (2013 and Barrera et al (2021), the inter-particle forces are negligible when the nanoparticles have a distance of more than three particle diameters, which we assume to be the case here and thus neglect the interparticle forces, similar to Boutopoulos et al (2020). However, nanoparticles are known to form aggregates, e.g., chains (Pálovics et al, 2020), and in such cases, the inter-particle forces indeed play a significant role.…”

Section: Nanoparticle Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

An in silico model of the capturing of magnetic nanoparticles in tumour spheroids in the presence of flow

Wirthl,

Janko,

Lyer

et al. 2023

Preprint

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One of the main challenges in improving the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs is that they do not reach the cancer cells at sufficiently high doses while at the same time affecting healthy tissue and causing significant side effects and suffering in cancer patients. To overcome this deficiency, magnetic nanoparticles as transporter systems have emerged as a promising approach to achieve more specific tumour targeting. Drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles can be directed to the target tissue by applying an external magnetic field. However, the magnetic forces exerted on the nanoparticles fall off rapidly with distance, making the tumour targeting challenging, even more so in the presence of flowing blood or interstitial fluid. We therefore present a computational model of the capturing of magnetic nanoparticles in a test setup: our model includes the flow around the tumour, the magnetic forces that guide the nanoparticles, and the transport within the tumour. We show how a model for the transport of magnetic nanoparticles in an external magnetic field can be integrated with a multiphase tumour model based on the theory of porous media. Our approach based on the underlying physical mechanisms can provide crucial insights into mechanisms that cannot be studied conclusively in experimental research alone. Such a computational model enables an efficient and systematic exploration of the nanoparticle design space, first in a controlled test setup and then in more complex in vivo scenarios. As an effective tool for minimising costly trial-and-error design methods, it expedites translation into clinical practice to improve therapeutic outcomes and limit adverse effects for cancer patients.

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Section: Nanoparticle Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

An in silico model of the capturing of magnetic nanoparticles in tumour spheroids in the presence of flow

Wirthl,

Janko,

Lyer

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…(ii) (Ha ≫ 1) Substituting the exponential equivalent of the hyperbolic functions tanh(Ha) into Equation (24), as well as the hyperbolic functions cosh(Ha) and sinh(Ha) into the analytical solution for the velocity and the magnetic field. Since the case of large values of the Hartmann number is studied, the following relations…”

Section: Analytical Solution Of the Hartmann Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FEM method was also used in [18,19], whereas algorithms involving control-based volume FEM [20], both FEM and the dual reciprocity boundary element method [21], and least squares FEM [22] have also been used. Finally, similar or more complex BFD problems have been solved using COMSOL [23] and a meshless point collocation method (MPCM) along with the moving least squares (MLS) approximation [24,25]. The aforementioned studies indicate that there is an ongoing interest for the implementation of numerical algorithms suitable for the solution of BFD flow problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetohydrodynamic and Ferrohydrodynamic Fluid Flow Using the Finite Volume Method

Chrimatopoulos,

Tzirtzilakis,

Xenos

2023

Fluids

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Many problems in fluid mechanics describe the change in the flow under the effect of electromagnetic forces. The present study explores the behaviour of an electric conducting, Newtonian fluid flow applying the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and ferrohydrodynamics (FHD) principles. The physical problems for such flows are formulated by the Navier–Stokes equations with the conservation of mass and energy equations, which constitute a coupled non-linear system of partial differential equations subject to analogous boundary conditions. The numerical solution of such physical problems is not a trivial task due to the electromagnetic forces which may cause severe disturbances in the flow field. In the present study, a numerical algorithm based on a finite volume method is developed for the solution of such problems. The basic characteristics of the method are, the set of equations is solved using a simultaneous direct approach, the discretization is achieved using the finite volume method, and the solution is attained solving an implicit non-linear system of algebraic equations with intense source terms created by the non-uniform magnetic field. For the validation of the overall algorithm, comparisons are made with previously published results concerning MHD and FHD flows. The advantages of the proposed methodology are that it is direct and the governing equations are not manipulated like other methods such as the stream function vorticity formulation. Moreover, it is relatively easily extended for the study of three-dimensional problems. This study examines the Hartmann flow and the fluid flow with FHD principles, that formulate MHD and FHD flows, respectively. The major component of the Hartmann flow is the Hartmann number, which increases in value the stronger the Lorentz forces are, thus the fluid decelerates. In the case of FHD fluid flow, the major finding is the creation of vortices close to the external magnetic field source, and the stronger the magnetic field of the source, the larger the vortices are.

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“…The disadvantage of this particle-based method is its high computational demand, which was discussed above. In other papers the nanoparticle aggregation is investigated with continuum-based approaches, enabling one to simulate the particle suspensions [16,17]. It should be noted that in these continuum-based works, although the force of the external magnetic field on the particles is taken into account, the particle-particle magnetic interactions are not investigated, which can be a relevant phenomenon during the MNP aggregation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and Modeling of the Magnetic Nanoparticle Aggregation with a Two-Phase CFD Model

2020

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In this paper the magnetic nanoparticle aggregation procedure in a microchannel in the presence of external magnetic field is investigated. The main goal of the work was to establish a numerical model, capable of predicting the shape of the nanoparticle aggregate in a magnetic field without extreme computational demands. To that end, a specialized two-phase CFD model and solver has been created with the open source CFD software OpenFOAM. The model relies on the supposed microstucture of the aggregate consisting of particle chains parallel to the magnetic field. First, the microstructure was investigated with a micro-domain model. Based on the theoretical model of the particle chain and the results of the micro-domain model, a two-phase CFD model and solver were created. After this, the nanoparticle aggregation in a microchannel in the field of a magnet was modeled with the solver at different flow rates. Measurements with a microfluidic device were performed to verify the simulation results. The impact of the aggregate on the channel heat transfer was also investigated.

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Two-Phase Biofluid Flow Model for Magnetic Drug Targeting

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

An in silico model of the capturing of magnetic nanoparticles in tumour spheroids in the presence of flow

An in silico model of the capturing of magnetic nanoparticles in tumour spheroids in the presence of flow

Magnetohydrodynamic and Ferrohydrodynamic Fluid Flow Using the Finite Volume Method

Investigation and Modeling of the Magnetic Nanoparticle Aggregation with a Two-Phase CFD Model

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