Two-particle correlations at small relative momenta for<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">induced</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts /><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>40</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow /></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>reactions on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="norm

Pochodzalla, J.; Gelbke, C. K.; Lynch, W. G.; Maier, M.R.; Ardouin, D.; Delagrange, H.; Doubre, H.; Grégoire, Ch.; Kyanowski, A.; Mittig, W.; Péghaire, A.; Péter, J.; Saint‐Laurent, F.; Zwiȩgliński, B.; Bizard, G.; Lefebvres, F.; Tamain, B.; Québert, J.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Friedman, William A.; Boal, David H.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.35.1695

Cited by 183 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 91 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

115

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Two temperature observables were used simultaneously. Isotope temperatures were deduced from double ratios of isotopic yields [11] and excited-state temperatures were derived from the correlated yields of lightparticle coincidences [9,12,13]. It will become evident from the diverging results that this represents more than a methodical test and that the two types of thermometers are sensitive to different stages of the fragment formation and emission.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperatures of Exploding Nuclei

Serfling¹,

Schwarz²,

Bassini³

et al. 1998

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Breakup temperatures in central collisions of 197 Au 1 197 Au at bombarding energies E͞A 50 to 200 MeV were determined with two methods. Isotope temperatures, deduced from double ratios of hydrogen, helium, and lithium isotopic yields, increase monotonically with bombarding energy from 5 to 12 MeV, in qualitative agreement with a scenario of chemical freeze-out after adiabatic expansion. Excited-state temperatures, derived from yield ratios of states in 4 He, 5,6 Li, and 8 Be, are about 5 MeV, independent of the projectile energy, and seem to reflect the internal temperature of fragments at their final separation from the system. [ S0031-9007(98) . The temperatures were derived from double ratios of helium and lithium isotopic yields while the excitation energies were obtained by adding up the kinetic energies of the product nuclei and the mass excess of the observed partition with respect to the ground state of the reconstructed spectator nucleus. The double-bended shape of the caloric curve and its similarity to predictions of microscopic statistical models [2][3][4], has stimulated considerable experimental and theoretical activities. In particular, the second rise of the temperature to values exceeding 10 MeV at high excitation energies has initiated the discussion of whether nuclear temperatures of this magnitude can be measured reliably (see , and references given in these recent papers) and whether this observation may indeed be linked to a transition towards the vapor phase [7,8]. Obviously, a well-founded understanding of the significance of the employed temperature observables [9] is indispensable when searching for signals of the predicted liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear matter.Here, we present the results of temperature measurements for central collisions of 197 Au 1 197 Au at incident energies E͞A 50 to 200 MeV. These collisions are characterized by a collective radial flow of light particles and fragments which, over the covered energy range, evolves as a dynamical phenomenon closely connected to the initial stages of the reaction [10]. Global equilibrium is clearly not achieved. If local equilibrium is reached, the associated temperatures should reflect the adiabatic cooling of the rapidly expanding system. Two temperature observables were used simultaneously. Isotope temperatures were deduced from double ratios of isotopic yields [11] and excited-state temperatures were derived from the correlated yields of lightparticle coincidences [9,12,13]. It will become evident from the diverging results that this represents more than a methodical test and that the two types of thermometers are sensitive to different stages of the fragment formation and emission.Beams of 197 Au with E͞A 50, 100, 150, and 200 MeV, provided by the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS, were directed onto targets of 75 mg͞cm 2 areal density. Two multidetector hodoscopes, consisting of 96 and of 64 Si-CsI(Tl) telescopes in closely packed geometries, were placed on opposite sides with respect to the beam axis. Four high-resolution te...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperatures of Exploding Nuclei

Serfling¹,

Schwarz²,

Bassini³

et al. 1998

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The qualitative difference between the chemical or thermal equilibrium temperatures and the kinetic temperatures has been observed for a variety of reactions and numerous reasons for it have been presented [15][16][17][18][19]. Preequilibrium or prebreakup emissions are likely explanations for high-energy components in light-particle spectra [4,10,20,21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragment Kinetic Energies and Modes of Fragment Formation

Odeh¹,

Bassini²,

Begemann-Blaich³

et al. 2000

Phys. Rev. Lett.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kinetic energies of light fragments A <= 10 from the decay of target spectators in 197Au 197Au collisions at 1000 MeV per nucleon have been measured with high-resolution telescopes at backward angles. Except for protons and apart from the observed evaporation components, the kinetic-energy spectra exhibit slope temperatures of about 17 MeV, independent of the particle species, but not corresponding to the thermal or chemical degrees of freedom at breakup. It is suggested that these slope temperatures may reflect the intrinsic Fermi motion and thus the bulk density of the spectator system at the instant of becoming unstable. PACS numbers: 25.70.Pq, 21.65.+f, 25.70.MnComment: 11 pages, with 4 included figures; Accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett.; Also available from http://www-kp3.gsi.de/www/kp3/aladin_publications.htm

show abstract

“…Before we proceed to analyze the experimental results, we would like to point out that, for those correlation functions characterized by final state interaction leading to resonances, the resonance peaks may a priori have two different origins [28,29]: i) From processes where an unstable fragment formed in the reaction decays into the two measured particles. If the secondary decay of a specific fragment produces two particles that are measured in coincidence (like in e.g.…”

Section: Two-particle Correlation Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation functions of light charged particles from projectile-like fragment source in and 77 MeV 40Ar + 27Al collisions

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two-particle correlation functions, involving protons, deuterons, tritons, and α-particles, have been measured at very forward angles (0.7 o ≤ θ lab ≤ 7 o ), in order to study projectile-like fragment (PLF) emission in E/A = 44 and 77 MeV 40 Ar + 27 Al collisions. Peaks, originating from resonance decays, are larger at E/A = 44 than at 77 MeV. This reflects the larger relative importance of independently emitted light particles, as compared to two-particle decay from unstable fragments, at the higher beam energy. The time sequence of the light charged particles, emitted from the PLF, has been deduced from particle-velocity-gated correlation functions Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science 29 December 2017(discarding the contribution from resonance decays). α-particles are found to have an average emission time shorter than protons but longer than tritons and deuterons.

show abstract

Two-particle correlations at small relative momenta forinduced40reactions on
J. Pochodzalla
¹
,
C. K. Gelbke
²
,
W. G. Lynch
³

et al.

Cited by 183 publications

References 91 publications

Temperatures of Exploding Nuclei

Temperatures of Exploding Nuclei

Fragment Kinetic Energies and Modes of Fragment Formation

Correlation functions of light charged particles from projectile-like fragment source in and 77 MeV 40Ar + 27Al collisions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Two-particle correlations at small relative momenta forinduced40reactions onJ. Pochodzalla1, C. K. Gelbke2, W. G. Lynch3 et al.

Cited by 183 publications

References 91 publications

Temperatures of Exploding Nuclei

Temperatures of Exploding Nuclei

Fragment Kinetic Energies and Modes of Fragment Formation

Correlation functions of light charged particles from projectile-like fragment source in and 77 MeV 40Ar + 27Al collisions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Two-particle correlations at small relative momenta forinduced40reactions on
J. Pochodzalla
¹
,
C. K. Gelbke
²
,
W. G. Lynch
³

et al.