Two p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase Isoforms Are Involved in the Regulation of Mitotic and Meiotic Arrest in Artemia

Duan, Ru-Bing; Zhang, Li; Chen, Dian-Fu; Yang, Fan; Yang, Jin‐Shu; Yang, Wei‐Jun

doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.553370

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Artemia embryos are an excellent model for studying the regulation of cell quiescence, because they remain in this state for prolonged periods during diapause. Our previous studies attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cell division during diapause embryo formation and termination by examining the roles of p90RSK, AMP-activated protein kinase, polo-like kinase 1, and H3K56ac (histone 3 acetylated on lysine 56) (41,(45)(46)(47)(48). These experiments indicated that the mechanisms underlying cell quiescence are complex and that epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the process of diapause formation and termination (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SETD4 Regulates Cell Quiescence and Catalyzes the Trimethylation of H4K20 during Diapause Formation in Artemia

et al. 2017

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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As a prominent characteristic of cell life, the regulation of cell quiescence is important for proper development, regeneration, and stress resistance and may play a role in certain degenerative diseases. However, the mechanism underlying quiescence remains largely unknown. Encysted embryos of are useful for studying the regulation of this state because they remain quiescent for prolonged periods during diapause, a state of obligate dormancy. In the present study, SET domain-containing protein 4, a histone lysine methyltransferase from, was identified, characterized, and named Ar-SETD4. We found that Ar-SETD4 was expressed abundantly in diapause embryos, in which cells were in a quiescent state. Meanwhile, trimethylated histone H4K20 (H4K20me3) was enriched in diapause embryos. The knockdown of Ar-SETD4 reduced the level of H4K20me3 significantly and prevented the formation of diapause embryos in which neither the cell cycle nor embryogenesis ceased. The catalytic activity of Ar-SETD4 on H4K20me3 was confirmed by an histone methyltransferase (HMT) assay and overexpression in cell lines. This study provides insights into the function of SETD4 and the mechanism of cell quiescence regulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SETD4 Regulates Cell Quiescence and Catalyzes the Trimethylation of H4K20 during Diapause Formation in Artemia

et al. 2017

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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“…However, under the more acidic conditions in the matrix, one might hypothesize that the IF1 protein could depolymerize to active dimers and bind to the F1Fo ATP synthase, thereby preventing reversal of Complex V. of Plk1 during active mitosis was concluded to be inhibition of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1; i.e., Ar-RSK1) via blockage of its upstream activation pathway, MEK-ERK (mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase; extracellular signal-regulated kinase). This linkage between Ar-RSK1 and the MEK-ERK signaling pathway required reevaluation when it was discovered that Ar-RSK1 does not possess a docking site for ERK (48). Rather, a second RSK protein was found in A. franciscana embryos (Ar-RSK2) that does possess the docking site.…”

Section: Crustaceansmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In actively developing embryos, knockdown of Ar-RSK2 led to decreased levels of cyclin D3 and phosphorylated histone H3, and the production of pseudo-diapause cysts. Phosphorylation of Ar-RSK1 is now thought to block meiosis in A. franciscana oocytes (48). Most recently, expression patterns of microRNAs have been reported for A. parthenogenetica (205).…”

Section: Crustaceansmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanisms of animal diapause: recent developments from nematodes, crustaceans, insects, and fish

Hand

Denlinger

Podrabsky

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

222

224

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Life cycle delays are beneficial for opportunistic species encountering suboptimal environments. Many animals display a programmed arrest of development (diapause) at some stage(s) of their development, and the diapause state may or may not be associated with some degree of metabolic depression. In this review, we will evaluate current advancements in our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the remarkable phenotype, as well as environmental cues that signal entry and termination of the state. The developmental stage at which diapause occurs dictates and constrains the mechanisms governing diapause. Considerable progress has been made in clarifying proximal mechanisms of metabolic arrest and the signaling pathways like insulin/Foxo that control gene expression patterns. Overlapping themes are also seen in mechanisms that control cell cycle arrest. Evidence is emerging for epigenetic contributions to diapause regulation via small RNAs in nematodes, crustaceans, insects, and fish. Knockdown of circadian clock genes in selected insect species supports the importance of clock genes in the photoperiodic response that cues diapause. A large suite of chaperone-like proteins, expressed during diapause, protects biological structures during long periods of energy-limited stasis. More information is needed to paint a complete picture of how environmental cues are coupled to the signal transduction that initiates the complex diapause phenotype, as well as molecular explanations for how the state is terminated. Excellent examples of molecular memory in post-dauer animals have been documented in Caenorhabditis elegans It is clear that a single suite of mechanisms does not regulate diapause across all species and developmental stages.

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“…Upon liberation from females, cysts undergo profound reduction in metabolism and enter diapause, a state of developmental arrest and greatly enhanced stress tolerance (Clegg 1967(Clegg , 1997Clegg and Jackson 1998;King and MacRae 2012;Duan et al 2014). Diapause occurs in animals other than Artemia, most commonly in insects, and initiates in anticipation of adverse environmental conditions signaled by day length, perhaps via changes in circadian clock gene expression (Nambu et al 2004;MacRae 2010;King and MacRae 2015;Meuti et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress tolerance during diapause and quiescence of the brine shrimp, Artemia

MacRae

2016

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Oviparously developing embryos of the brine shrimp, Artemia, arrest at gastrulation and are released from females as cysts before entering diapause, a state of dormancy and stress tolerance. Diapause is terminated by an external signal, and growth resumes if conditions are permissible. However, if circumstances are unfavorable, cysts enter quiescence, a dormant stage that continues as long as adverse conditions persist. Artemia embryos in diapause and quiescence are remarkably resistant to environmental and physiological stressors, withstanding desiccation, cold, heat, oxidation, ultraviolet radiation, and years of anoxia at ambient temperature when fully hydrated. Cysts have adapted to stress in several ways; they are surrounded by a rigid cell wall impermeable to most chemical compounds and which functions as a shield against ultraviolet radiation. Artemia cysts contain large amounts of trehalose, a non-reducing sugar thought to preserve membranes and proteins during desiccation by replacing water molecules and/or contributing to vitrification. Late embryogenesis abundant proteins similar to those in seeds and other anhydrobiotic organisms are found in cysts, and they safeguard cell organelles and proteins during desiccation. Artemia cysts contain abundant amounts of p26, a small heat shock protein, and artemin, a ferritin homologue, both ATPindependent molecular chaperones important in stress tolerance. The evidence provided in this review supports the conclusion that it is the interplay of these protective elements that make Artemia one of the most stress tolerant of all metazoan organisms.

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Two p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase Isoforms Are Involved in the Regulation of Mitotic and Meiotic Arrest in Artemia

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

SETD4 Regulates Cell Quiescence and Catalyzes the Trimethylation of H4K20 during Diapause Formation in Artemia

SETD4 Regulates Cell Quiescence and Catalyzes the Trimethylation of H4K20 during Diapause Formation in Artemia

Mechanisms of animal diapause: recent developments from nematodes, crustaceans, insects, and fish

Stress tolerance during diapause and quiescence of the brine shrimp, Artemia

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