Two nuclear effectors of the rice blast fungus modulate host immunity via transcriptional reprogramming

Kim, Seongbeom; Kim, Chi Yeol; Park, Sook Young; Kim, Ki Tae; Jeon, Jongbum; Chung, Hyun‐Jung; Choi, Gobong; Kwon, Seomun; Choi, Jaeyoung; Jeon, Junhyun; Jeon, Jong Seong; Khang, Chang Hyun; Kang, Seogchan; Lee, Yong Hwan

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19624-w

Cited by 95 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Especially, the structure-based functional inference can bridge the gap across rapidly diverging sequences, leading to new hypotheses. A recent study demonstrated that the two nuclear effectors, MoHTR1 and MoHTR2, bind to the promoters of immunity-related genes in rice and interfere with their expression (50). In our clustering, MoHTR2 along with Nup3, also shown to block plant immunity, belong to Cluster 25 with 9 other members with distant homology (Table S4; Table S5) (51).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational structural genomics unravels common folds and predicted functions in the secretome of fungal phytopathogenMagnaporthe oryzae

Seong

Krasileva

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnaporthe oryzae relies on a diverse collection of secreted effector proteins to reprogram the host metabolic and immune responses for the pathogen’s benefit. Characterization of the effectors is thus critical for understanding the biology and host infection mechanisms of this phytopathogen. In rapid, divergent effector evolution, structural information has the potential to illuminate the unknown aspects of effectors that sequence analyses alone cannot reveal. It has recently become feasible to reliably predict the protein structures without depending on homologous templates. In this study, we tested structure modeling on 1854 secreted proteins from M. oryzae and evaluated success and obstacles involved in effector structure prediction. With sensitive homology search and structure-based clustering, we defined both distantly related homologous groups and structurally related analogous groups. With this dataset, we propose sequence-unrelated, structurally similar effectors are a common theme in M. oryzae and possibly in other phytopathogens. We incorporated the predicted models for structure-based annotations, molecular docking and evolutionary analyses to demonstrate how the predicted structures can deepen our understanding of effector biology. We also provide new experimentally testable structure-derived hypotheses of effector functions. Collectively, we propose that computational structural genomic approaches can now be an integral part of studying effector biology and provide valuable resources that were inaccessible before the advent of reliable, machine learning-based structure prediction.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational structural genomics unravels common folds and predicted functions in the secretome of fungal phytopathogenMagnaporthe oryzae

Seong

Krasileva

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fungal pathogens secrete virulence factors or effector proteins to overcome host defenses and to facilitate the infection [37][38][39][40][41]. We characterized the first small-secreted virulence factor in a predatory fungus, the nematode-trapping fungus D. flagrans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The small-secreted cysteine-rich protein CyrA is a virulence factor participating in the attack of Caenorhabditis elegans by Duddingtonia flagrans

Wernet

Fischer

2021

PLoS Pathog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are a diverse and intriguing group of fungi that live saprotrophically but can switch to a predatory lifestyle when starving and in the presence of nematodes. NTF like Arthrobotrys oligospora or Duddingtonia flagrans produce adhesive trapping networks to catch and immobilize nematodes. After penetration of the cuticle, hyphae grow and develop inside the worm and secrete large amounts of hydrolytic enzymes for digestion. In many microbial pathogenic interactions small-secreted proteins (SSPs) are used to manipulate the host. The genome of D. flagrans encodes more than 100 of such putative SSPs one of which is the cysteine-rich protein CyrA. We have chosen this gene for further analysis because it is only found in NTF and appeared to be upregulated during the interaction. We show that the cyrA gene was transcriptionally induced in trap cells, and the protein accumulated at the inner rim of the hyphal ring before Caenorhabditis elegans capture. After worm penetration, the protein appeared at the fungal infection bulb, where it is likely to be secreted with the help of the exocyst complex. A cyrA-deletion strain was less virulent, and the time from worm capture to paralysis was extended. Heterologous expression of CyrA in C. elegans reduced its lifespan. CyrA accumulated in C. elegans in coelomocytes where the protein possibly is inactivated. This is the first example that SSPs may be important in predatory microbial interactions.

show abstract

“…To achieve successful infection, virulent M. oryzae isolates have evolved a strategy to secrete effectors into the rice cell for subverting PTI, leading to effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS).To combat a blast fungus capable of subverting PTI, rice deploys nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins to recognize the effectors named avirulence (AVR) proteins. Several AVR proteins have been cloned, including AVR-Pita, AVR-Pi9, and Avr-Pizt [173,174]. Recognition of AVR by NLR promotes strong immune responses referred to as effector-triggered immunity (ETI), which arms rice with a second layer of protection in case of disabled PTI [172].…”

Section: Defence Mechanism Of Rice Against Blast Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Blast Disease in India: Present Status and Future Challenges

Annegowda¹,

Prasannakumar²,

Mahesh³

et al. 2022

Integrative Advances in Rice Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of the majority of Indians, and India is both the major producer and consumer of rice. Rice cultivation in India is confronted with diverse agro-climatic conditions, varying soil types, and several biotic and abiotic constraints. Among major fungal diseases of Rice in India, the blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most devastating disease, with the neck blast being the most destructive form. Most of the blast epidemic areas in India have been identified with a mixture of races blast fungus resulting in the resistance breakdown in a short period. At present, a more significant number of the rice varieties cultivated in India were bred by conventional breeding methods with blast resistance conferred by a single resistance gene. Therefore, the blast disease in India is predominantly addressed by the use of ecologically toxic fungicides. In line with the rest of the world, the Indian scientific community has proven its role by identifying several blast resistance genes and successfully pyramiding multiple blast resistance genes. Despite the wealth of information on resistance genes and the availability of biotechnology tools, not a great number of rice varieties in India harbor multiple resistance genes. In the recent past, a shift in the management of blast disease in India has been witnessed with a greater focus on basic research and modern breeding tools such as marker-assisted selection, marker-assisted backcross breeding, and gene pyramiding.

show abstract

Two nuclear effectors of the rice blast fungus modulate host immunity via transcriptional reprogramming

Cited by 95 publications

References 54 publications

Computational structural genomics unravels common folds and predicted functions in the secretome of fungal phytopathogenMagnaporthe oryzae

Computational structural genomics unravels common folds and predicted functions in the secretome of fungal phytopathogenMagnaporthe oryzae

The small-secreted cysteine-rich protein CyrA is a virulence factor participating in the attack of Caenorhabditis elegans by Duddingtonia flagrans

Rice Blast Disease in India: Present Status and Future Challenges

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About