Two novel cyclic depsipeptides Xenematides F and G from the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus budapestensis

Xi, Xuedong; Lu, Xingzhong; Zhang, Xiaodong; Bi, Yuhui; Li, Xiaochun; Yu, Zhiguo

doi:10.1038/s41429-019-0203-y

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The nematode hosts were not noted. Later, strain C72 was sequenced in 2021 [ 134 ], and was from nematodes “belonging to the S. bicornutum group”. The sequences of bacterial recA and gyrB genes have shown that the symbiont of S. pakistanense is closely related to X. indica , which is associated with some other nematodes from the bicornutum group [ 111 ], but the authors did not refer to the type strain, DSM16342(T) (EMA).…”

Section: A Discussion: Discoveries and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The announcement of the high-quality, complete, and annotated genome sequence of X. budapestensis strain C72 reports 15 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters identified in the genome. These are responsible for the production of a diverse group of antimicrobial compounds to help host plants against agricultural pathogenic diseases [ 134 ].…”

Section: A Discussion: Discoveries and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The list of antimicrobial peptides from strains other than the types strain EMA of X. budapestensis includes AMP molecules GP-19 and EP-20, active against plant pathogenic Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora capasicae , respectively, and produced by X. budapestensis NMC-10 [ 133 ], and xenematides F and G (depsipeptides) from X, budapestensis SN84 [ 134 ]. Rhabdopeptides were also isolated from SN84 [ 92 ].…”

Section: A Discussion: Discoveries and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC)

Fodor

Gualtieri²,

Zeller

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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Antimicrobial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a global challenge, not only for public health, but also for sustainable agriculture. Antibiotics used in humans should be ruled out for use in veterinary or agricultural settings. Applying antimicrobial peptide (AMP) molecules, produced by soil-born organisms for protecting (soil-born) plants, seems a preferable alternative. The natural role of peptide-antimicrobials, produced by the prokaryotic partner of entomopathogenic-nematode/bacterium (EPN/EPB) symbiotic associations, is to sustain monoxenic conditions for the EPB in the gut of the semi-anabiotic infective dauer juvenile (IJ) EPN. They keep pathobiome conditions balanced for the EPN/EPB complex in polyxenic (soil, vanquished insect cadaver) niches. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM16338(T) (EMC), and X. budapestensis DSM16342(T) (EMA), are the respective natural symbionts of EPN species Steinernema rarum and S. bicornutum. We identified and characterized both of these 15 years ago. The functional annotation of the draft genome of EMC revealed 71 genes encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and polyketide synthases. The large spatial Xenorhabdus AMP (fabclavine), was discovered in EMA, and its biosynthetic pathway in EMC. The AMPs produced by EMA and EMC are promising candidates for controlling MDR prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens (bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, protozoa). EMC releases large quantity of iodinin (1,6-dihydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide) in a water-soluble form into the media, where it condenses to form spectacular water-insoluble, macroscopic crystals. This review evaluates the scientific impact of international research on EMA and EMC.

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Section: A Discussion: Discoveries and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Discussion: Discoveries and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Discussion: Discoveries and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC)

Fodor

Gualtieri²,

Zeller

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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show abstract

“…Besides their antimicrobial activity, some xenematides are weak insecticidals [ 126 ] and szentiamide has been reported to have both insecticidal and antiprotozoal activities [ 129 ], whereas xenobactin exhibits antiprotozal activity [ 127 ]. The xenematide repertoire has recently been expanded with two novel molecules (F and G) thanks to a targeted PCR screening of a Xenorhabdus strain collection looking for depsipeptide biosynthesis genes [ 130 ]. Untargeted metabolomic screening has also revealed novel depsipeptide families such as xentrivalpeptides, with up to 17 congeners but no known biological function [ 131 ] or fatflabets and xeneprotides ( Figure 5 ), identified first through mass spectral metabolic networking of culture extracts that were then crosschecked with the genomic information of the producer strains [ 119 ].…”

Section: Entomopathogenic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Soil-Dwelling Actinobacteria: Fantastic Antibiotics and Where to Find Them

Santos‐Aberturas

Vior

2022

Antibiotics

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Bacterial secondary metabolites represent an invaluable source of bioactive molecules for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Although screening campaigns for the discovery of new compounds have traditionally been strongly biased towards the study of soil-dwelling Actinobacteria, the current antibiotic resistance and discovery crisis has brought a considerable amount of attention to the study of previously neglected bacterial sources of secondary metabolites. The development and application of new screening, sequencing, genetic manipulation, cultivation and bioinformatic techniques have revealed several other groups of bacteria as producers of striking chemical novelty. Biosynthetic machineries evolved from independent taxonomic origins and under completely different ecological requirements and selective pressures are responsible for these structural innovations. In this review, we summarize the most important discoveries related to secondary metabolites from alternative bacterial sources, trying to provide the reader with a broad perspective on how technical novelties have facilitated the access to the bacterial metabolic dark matter.

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“…The indole-containing Xenematide from Xenorhabdus nematophila exhibits moderate antibacterial and insecticidal activities (Lang et al, 2008). Two novel depsipeptides, xenematides F and G, were isolated from Xenorhabdus budapestensis SN84 with high antibacterial activity (Xi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Amps Linked With Epn/epb Symbiotic Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides: Novel Source and Biological Function With a Special Focus on Entomopathogenic Nematode/Bacterium Symbiotic Complex

et al. 2021

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The rapid emergence of multidrug resistant microorganisms has become one of the most critical threats to public health. A decrease in the effectiveness of available antibiotics has led to the failure of infection control, resulting in a high risk of death. Among several alternatives, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics to resolve the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens. These small proteins exhibit potent antimicrobial activity and are also an essential component of the immune system. Although several AMPs have been reported and characterized, studies associated with their potential medical applications are limited. This review highlights the novel sources of AMPs with high antimicrobial activities, including the entomopathogenic nematode/bacterium (EPN/EPB) symbiotic complex. Additionally, the AMPs derived from insects, nematodes, and marine organisms and the design of peptidomimetic antimicrobial agents that can complement the defects of therapeutic peptides have been used as a template.

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Two novel cyclic depsipeptides Xenematides F and G from the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus budapestensis

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC)

Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC)

Beyond Soil-Dwelling Actinobacteria: Fantastic Antibiotics and Where to Find Them

Antimicrobial Peptides: Novel Source and Biological Function With a Special Focus on Entomopathogenic Nematode/Bacterium Symbiotic Complex

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