Two new species of Sarcoscypha (Sarcosyphaceae, Pezizales) from Taiwan

Abstract

After studying the Sarcoscypha specimens deposited in the herbarium of the National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan (TNM), four species of Sarcoscypha, S. humberiana, S. mescoscyatha, S. minuta and S. tatakensis were recognized by morphological and molecular characteristics. Sarcoscypha mescoscyatha is new to Taiwan, and S. minuta and S. tatakensis are new to science. Sarcoscypha minuta is characterized by small apothecia and asci, and a single large guttule in each ascospore while S. tatakensis is characterized by sessile to subsessile apothecia, and small ascospores with truncate ends.

Novel Sarcoscypha Species from National Parks in Korea: Sarcoscypha humida sp. nov.

“…However, it is not easy to obtain fresh materials, so additional classification methods are needed. In the previous study, the genus Sarcoscypha was identified using molecular DNA-based analysis with the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and it was confirmed that they form the core clade of Sarcoscypha and have a phylogenetic relationship [ 3 , 9 , 10 ]. These results support successfully to report novel Sarcoscypha species [ 3 ].…”

“…Boud., which belongs to the Sarcoscyphaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes, and Ascomycota, was established more than 130 years ago [ 1 ]. This genus is a general decomposer on beech, elm, hazel, willow, oak, and rose family, which forms blight red apothecium surface; cup or disc or saucer-shape apothecium; and oblong to ellipsoid ascospores [ 2 , 3 ]. According to the Index Fungorum database, about 82 species were listed in the genus Sarcoscypha (Index Fungorum: http://www.indexfungorum.org , accessed August 2023).…”

“…Baral [ 2 ] recognized that 18 species are provisionally accepted as Sarcoscypha species which are distributed in North America, Europe, and tropical Asia. However, 20 taxa can be tentatively assigned into the genus to date because Sarcoscypha chudei was re-classified as Kompsoscypha chudei [ 4 ], and three novel Sarcoscypha species were additionally reported from Africa and Taiwan after 2011 [ 3 , 5 ]. Although 10 species are known to be distributed in Asia, only two species have been recorded in Korea ( Sarcoscypha coccinea and S. hosoyae ) [ 6 ].…”

Phylogeny and Morphology of Novel Species and New Collections Related to Sarcoscyphaceae (Pezizales, Ascomycota) from Southwestern China and Thailand

“…Notes: Sarcoscypha is distinguished by grey-white, yellow, orange to red apothecia which are substipitate to stipitate, glabrous to tomentose receptacle surface, ellipsoid to subcylindrical ascospores, normally with blunt ends or shallow depressions at both poles, smooth or ornamented wall, uniguttulate to multiguttulate [1,6,65,73]. Within Sarcoscypha, this new species is easily characterized by brown stipitate apothecia with villose receptacle, broadly fusiform, uniguttulate ascospores with longitudinal striates.…”