Two new species ofDiodontus(Hymenoptera: Pemphredonidae) from the western Mediterranean and their phylogenetic relationships

Abstract

Two new species of Diodontus Curtis, 1834 (Hymenoptera: Pemphredonidae) are described. Diodontus polytylus Budrys new species is widespread in North Africa, from Libya and Chad to Morocco, as well as in southern Spain and Portugal. Diodontus guichardi Budrys new species was found in several localities in Morocco. The new species have small differences in their morphology; however, they can be easily separated using molecular characters. Comparison of 17 molecular markers has revealed that the highest evolutionary divergence is observed in mitochondrial gene ND6 and internal transcribed spacer ITS2. The variable regions of the nuclear rDNA genes 18S and 28S demonstrated the lowest evolutionary divergence; thus they were of the least use for species identification. The most coherent reconstruction of phylogeny, in comparison to other groups of markers, was obtained using exons of nuclear protein-coding genes. A provisional key to the species of D. minutus (Fabricius, 1793) species group of the Mediterranean Region is presented.

Ancistroceruswasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from the Centre of Europe: Phylogeny, cryptic species, neutral and non‐neutral markers

“…In earlier studies, we have analysed the evolutionary rates and the ability of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to differentiate cryptic species in genera of aculeate wasps from other superfamilies of Hymenoptera, namely, Chrysis (Chrysidoidea) (Orlovskytė et al, 2016) and Diodontus Curtis, 1834 (Apoidea) (Budrys et al, 2019). The common findings of these explorations with the current study of Ancistrocerus (Vespoidea) are: (1) the highest evolutionary rate and species segregation power of the mitochondrial genes ATP8 and ND6 ; (2) a relatively high evolutionary conservatism and low species segregation power of the nuclear rDNA markers 18S and 28S ; and (3) perfect species segregation power of the internal transcribed spacers, ITS1 and ITS2 , though relatively low evolutionary congruence of them with the other nuclear and mitochondrial markers.…”

Nesting biology and phylogenetic relationships of the parasitoid-hunting wasp Lindenius pygmaeus armatus (Vander Linden, 1829) (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)

“…The sequences of Oxybelus trispinosus (Fabricius, 1787), Crossocerus assimilis (F. Smith, 1856), and Entomognathus brevis (Vander Linden, 1829) from the same database were used as an outgroup. The dataset was supplemented by a few other Lindenius barcodes, which were obtained according to the methodology of DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing by Budrys et al 38 . At the start of analysis, the nucleotide substitution model most likely for the obtained alignment was selected from the list of 24 models available in MEGA 11 22 .…”

Review of Corsican Diodontus Curtis, 1834, with description of two new species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Pemphredonidae)

“…This last important character is rarely used so this species might have been confused with D. insidiosus in collections until now. Excluding the reduced rake, the female would key out in the couplet 13 of Budrys et al (2019), leading to D. friesei Kohl, 1901, from the Near East and the palearctic D. insidiosus Spooner, 1938. The frons of D. touroulti is as densely punctate as in D. friesei but the tegument of the scutum is conspicuously tesselate, the vertex is shorter (LV:LF < 0.55) and the face narrower (lower LID:LF < 0.78), as in D. insidiosus.…”

“…7a) (placoids on F(5)6-11 in D. oraniensis and D. longicornis), and the median flagellomeres around as long as wide (distinctly longer than wide in D. oraniensis and D. longicornis). Excluding the black antennae, the male keys out as D. insidiosus in the key of Budrys et al (2019). It can be distinguished by the entirely black antennae (fig.…”

“…In the past, many cryptic species closely related to D. insidiosus were recorded from the Mediterranean peninsulas (including Italy) as "D. aff. friesei" (Leclercq, 1974;Budrys et al, 2019). However, D. friesei only occurs outside of Europe and D. hyalipennis is probably a distinct Caucasian species (Budrys et al, 2019).…”