Two new species of freshwater Macrostomum (Rhabditophora: Macrostomorpha) found in China

Lin, Yitao; Zhou, Weiwei; Xiao, Peng; Zheng, Ye; Lu, Jun; Li, Jiancheng; Wang, Antai

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4329.3.5

Cited by 746 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In addition, adhesive and releasing gland cell necks share a collar of enforced microvilli. In other congeners, the same pattern was described in different habitats: in many limnic Macrostomum species [17,19,25,34,35], brackish water species [21,22,36], and marine species [18]. Here, we compared six representative marine, brackish, and freshwater Macrostomum species.…”

Section: Macrostomum Adhesion Organ Morphology Is Not Influenced By the Habitatmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Most macrostomid species inhabit marine environments, but also brackish and freshwater species are common. About 180 species are currently described, and new species are continuously added [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Despite being a quite diverse genus, a single species is highlighted in many different research fields-Macrostomum lignano.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms

Bertemes

Pjeta

Wunderer

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Many free-living flatworms have evolved a temporary adhesion system, which allows them to quickly attach to and release from diverse substrates. In the marine Macrostomum lignano, the morphology of the adhesive system and the adhesion-related proteins have been characterised. However, little is known about how temporary adhesion is performed in other aquatic environments. Here, we performed a 3D reconstruction of the M. lignano adhesive organ and compared it to the morphology of five selected Macrostomum, representing two marine, one brackish, and two freshwater species. We compared the protein domains of the two adhesive proteins, as well as an anchor cell-specific intermediate filament. We analysed the gene expression of these proteins by in situ hybridisation and performed functional knockdowns with RNA interference. Remarkably, there are almost no differences in terms of morphology, protein regions, and gene expression based on marine, brackish, and freshwater habitats. This implies that glue components produced by macrostomids are conserved among species, and this set of two-component glue functions from low to high salinity. These findings could contribute to the development of novel reversible biomimetic glues that work in all wet environments and could have applications in drug delivery systems, tissue adhesives, or wound dressings.

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Section: Macrostomum Adhesion Organ Morphology Is Not Influenced By the Habitatmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms

Bertemes

Pjeta

Wunderer

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Species without available transcriptomes that were included in C-IQ-TREE based on a 28S rRNA fragment are indicated with grey branches. Stylet and sperm are drawn based on our live observations, except for species with underlined names, which were redrawn based on the species descriptions ( M. acus, M. obtusa and M. sinensis from Wang 2005; M. heyuanensis and M. bicaudatum from Sun et al 2015; M. chongqingensis and M. zhaoqingensis from Lin et al 2017a; M. shiyanensis and M. lankouensis from Lin et al 2017b; M. shenzhenensis and M. qiaochengensis from Wang et al 2017; and M. spiriger and M. shenda from Xin et al 2019). Note that the stylet of M .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale phylogenomics of the genus Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes) reveals cryptic diversity and novel sexual traits

Brand

Viktorin

Wiberg

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Free-living flatworms of the genus Macrostomum are small and transparent animals, representing attractive study organisms for a broad range of topics in evolutionary, developmental, and molecular biology. The genus includes the model organism M. lignano for which extensive molecular resources are available, and recently there is a growing interest in extending work to additional species in the genus. These endeavours are currently hindered because, even though >200 Macrostomum species have been taxonomically described, molecular phylogenetic information and geographic sampling remain limited. We report on a global sampling campaign aimed at increasing taxon sampling and geographic representation of the genus. Specifically, we use extensive transcriptome and single-locus data to generate phylogenomic hypotheses including 145 species. Across different phylogenetic methods and alignments used, we identify several consistent clades, while their exact grouping is less clear, possibly due to a radiation early in Macrostomum evolution. Moreover, we uncover a large undescribed diversity, with 94 of the studied species likely being new to science, and we identify multiple novel morphological traits. Furthermore, we identify cryptic speciation in a taxonomically challenging assemblage of species, suggesting that the use of molecular markers is a prerequisite for future work, and we describe the distribution of possible synapomorphies and suggest taxonomic revisions based on our finding. Our large-scale phylogenomic dataset now provides a robust foundation for comparative analyses of morphological, behavioural and molecular evolution in this genus.

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Frequent origins of traumatic insemination involve convergent shifts in sperm and genital morphology

2022

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Traumatic insemination is a mating behavior during which the (sperm) donor uses a traumatic intromittent organ to inject an ejaculate through the epidermis of the (sperm) recipient, thereby frequently circumventing the female genitalia. Traumatic insemination occurs widely across animals, but the frequency of its evolution, the intermediate stages via which it originates, and the morphological changes that such shifts involve remain poorly understood. Based on observations in 145 species of the free-living flatworm genus Macrostomum, we identify at least nine independent evolutionary origins of traumatic insemination from reciprocal copulation, but no clear indication of reversals. These origins involve convergent shifts in multivariate morphospace of male and female reproductive traits, suggesting that traumatic insemination has a canalizing effect on morphology. We also observed sperm in both the sperm receiving organ and within the body tissue of two species. These species had intermediate trait values indicating that traumatic insemination evolves through initial internal wounding during copulation. Finally, signatures of malefemale coevolution of genitalia across the genus indicate that sexual selection and sexual conflict drive the evolution of traumatic insemination, because it allows donors to bypass postcopulatory control mechanisms of recipients.

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Two new species of freshwater Macrostomum (Rhabditophora: Macrostomorpha) found in China

Cited by 746 publications

References 0 publications

(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms

(Un)expected Similarity of the Temporary Adhesive Systems of Marine, Brackish, and Freshwater Flatworms

Large-scale phylogenomics of the genus Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes) reveals cryptic diversity and novel sexual traits

Frequent origins of traumatic insemination involve convergent shifts in sperm and genital morphology

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