Aquatic litter-associated fungi are a relatively understudied group that includes mostly asexual stages of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota which are adapted to aquatic environment. They are important players in fundamental ecosystem-level processes, including decomposition of submerged organic matter. The aim of this work was to carry out a taxonomic survey of aeroaquatic hyphomycetes and other fungi associated with submerged decaying plant litter in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil and provide descriptions, comments and illustrations, including worldwide geographical distribution for new records and rare species. Dactylaria fusifera, Helicoon myosuroides, Pseudaegerita websteri, Spadicoides subsphaerica and Verticicladus subiculifer are reported for the first time after the original descriptions; Pseudaegerita viridis is a new record for the Americas, Spirosphaera carici-graminis is a new record for South America and Ardhachandra aequilatera is a new record for the aquatic environments.