Mimosa setosa, as currently circumscribed, is a polytypic species comprising four subspecies and eight varieties. Recent phylogenetic analyses showed that these infraspecific taxa do not form a monophyletic group. A morphological analysis of a complete set of specimens gathered from several herbaria, including types and recent collections, combined with the application of the Phylogenetic Species Concept lead to recognition of taxa currently placed under M. setosa as six different species with no infraspecific taxa recognised. Congruence among phylogenetic data, geography and use of the specific rank as the least inclusive unity for description allows for better comparison of biological diversity and an improved circumscription of taxa in the M. setosa complex. Key words: Brazil, campo rupestre, cerrado, Fabaceae, Phylogenetic Species Concept.
ResumoMimosa setosa, em sua circunscrição atual, é uma espécie politípica que inclui quatro subespécies e oito variedades. Estudos filogenéticos recentes indicam que esses táxons infraespecíficos não formam um grupo monofilético. A análise morfológica de um conjunto de espécimes obtidos em diversos herbários, incluindo tipos e coletas recentes, associada à aplicação do Conceito Filogenético de espécie permite desmembrar M. setosa em seis diferentes espécies sem táxons infraespecíficos. Congruência entre dados filogenéticos, geografia e adoção do nível de espécie como a unidade mínima para descrição de táxons permite uma melhor comparação da diversidade biológica e uma circunscrição mais adequada dos táxons envolvidos no complexo M. setosa. Palavras-chave: Brasil, campo rupestre, cerrado, Fabaceae, Conceito Filogenético de espécie. (Barneby 1991;Villiers 2002). In the Americas, Brazil is a key area for studies in the genus, since 358 species are found in the country, 265 of which are endemic (BFG 2015). Although morphologically variable, the genus can be broadly defined by the presence of a craspedium-like fruit (Barneby 1991) and, within the diplo-or haplostemonous mimosoids, by the almost ubiquitous lack of extrafloral nectaries, which are present only in a small group of 15 species (Barneby 1991;Simon et al. 2011).
Less is more. Adjusting the taxonomy of the polytypicThe taxonomy of Mimosa is based on the monumental work of Barneby (1991), the first and single most comprehensive revision produced after the treatments of Bentham (1841Bentham ( , 1842Bentham ( , 1845Bentham ( , 1846Bentham ( , 1875Bentham ( , 1876 (1842) is among the many polytypic species recognized by Barneby (1991). Because of the lack of specimens with fruits, this species was initially ascribed by Bentham (1845) to Mimosa ser. Pachycarpae Benth., which is characterized by the presence of unjointed craspedia. However, the species currently belongs to M. ser. Setosae Barneby (1991), which was created mainly to accommodate species from M. ser. Pachycarpae that in fact have typical craspedial fruits.Mimosa setosa comprises four subspecies, three of them with varieties, which are largely differen...