Background: Although actinomycetes, which produce antibiotics, have been reported to produce nematicidal metabolites, macromolecules with nematicidal activities have rarely been described. Results: The culture filtrates of Streptomyces albogriseolus strain DN41 and S. fimicarius strain D153 presented 82.13 % and 86.96 % nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita, respectively, after 12 h. A pot experiment highlighted that these culture filtrates were characterised by significant efficacy. The biocontrol efficiency of strain DN41 reached 61.68 % and that of strain D153 68.33 % after 30 days at a dose of 100 mL pot-1. The active metabolites produced by the two strains were hydrosoluble and sensitive to heat, with molecular weights above 8000 Da for DN41 and of 1000–8000 Da for D153. However, these metabolites were negative to protein reaction. A chemical characteristic test indicated that these active metabolites were polar polymers that contained a large amount of sugar and phenolic hydroxyl compounds. Conclusions: These results revealed S. albogriseolus strain DN41 and S. fimicarius strain D153 as potential agents for the control of root-knot nematodes, as hydrosoluble macromolecules have good compatibility and are convenient for practical application.