Two new kalligrammatids (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China

The Middle Jurassic palynology of the Daohugou area, Inner Mongolia, China, and its implications for palaeobiology and palaeogeography

“…Since the discovery of the salamander Jeholotriton (Wang 2000), this area has drawn increasing attention from palaeontologists. The Daohugou area has become a world-renowned palaeontological area widely recognized for its amazing discoveries, including fossil tadpoles (Yuan et al 2004), dinosaurs , pterosaurs (Ji & Yuan 2002), salamanders (Gao & Shubin 2003;Wang 2000), mammals Meng et al 2006), bivalves (Jiang 2006), crustaceans (Shen et al 2003), insects (Chang et al 2009;Engel & Ren 2008;Hao & Ren 2009;Huang et al 2008;Kirejtshuk et al 2010;Li & Ren 2009;Liu et al 2012;Liu et al 2013a;Liu et al 2013b;Liu & Ren 2008;Ren 2002;Ren et al 2002;Ren & Yin 2003;Shi et al 2011;Sun et al 2007;Wang et al 2002;Wang & Ren 2009;Zhang et al 2008;Zhang 2013), plants (Heinrichs et al 2014;Pott et al 2012;Zhang et al 2011;Zhang et al 2012;Zheng et al 2003) and insect oviposition on fossil leaves (Na et al 2014).…”

Two new species ofKalligrammulaHandlirsch, 1919 (Insecta, Neuroptera, Kalligrammatidae) from the Jurassic of China and Kazakhstan

“…The butterfly-like Kalligrammatidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) is a family of most impressive Mesozoic lacewings. The earliest described kalligrammatids are known from the Middle Jurassic Haifanggou Formation of Yujiagou and the Middle–Upper Jurassic Daohugou beds (Callovian–Oxfordian) of Daohugou in China (Ren and Oswald, 2002; Zhang and Zhang, 2003; Makarkin et al, 2009; Yang et al, 2011; Liu et al, 2014), and the latest is probably Makarkinia adamsi Martins-Neto, 1992 from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil (late Aptian–early Albian) (Makarkin et al, 2009).…”

“…Seventeen genera can be assigned to Kalligrammatidae: Kalligramma Walther, 1904; Meioneurites Handlirsch, 1906; Palparites Handlirsch, 1906; Kalligrammula Handlirsch, 1919; Lithogramma Panfilov, 1968; Makarkinia Martins-Neto, 1992, Sophogramma Ren et Guo, 1996; Kallihemerobius Ren et Oswald, 2002; Oregramma Ren, 2003; Sinokalligramma Zhang, 2003; Protokalligramma Yang et al, 2011; Apochrysogramma Yang et al, 2011; Huiyingogramma Liu et al, 2014; Affinigramma Yang et al, 2014; Stelligramma Yang et al, 2014; Abrigramma Yang et al, 2014; and Ithigramma Yang et al, 2014. Two additional monotypic genera have also been attributed to the Kalligrammatidae including Kalligrammina Panfilov, 1980 from the Upper Jurassic of Karatau, Kazakhstan and Angarogramma Ponomarenko, 1984 from the Middle–Upper Jurassic of the Uda River, Transbaikalia, Russia.…”

“…Meioneurites is present in Karatau (South Kazakhstan, Panfilov, 1968; Engel, 2005) and Solnhofen (Bavaria, Germany; Handlirsch, 1906). Huiyingogramma is represented by one species from Daohugou (Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China; Liu et al, 2014) and by an undescribed species from Karatau (a photograph of this specimen is published by Ponomarenko in Rasnitsyn and Quicke, 2002, fig. 254, p. 192, labeled as “ Kalligramma turutanovae O. Martynova”).…”

“…254, p. 192, labeled as “ Kalligramma turutanovae O. Martynova”). Kalligramma is the most common kalligrammatid lacewing known from at least five localities: Daohugou (Liu et al, 2014), Yujiagou (Beipiao, Liaoning, China; Zhang and Zhang, 2003), Huangbanjigou (Beipiao, Liaoning, China; Ren and Guo, 1996), Karatau (Martynova, 1947; Panfilov, 1968), and Solnhofen (Walther, 1904). K. roycrowsoni Jarzembowski, 2001 from the Lower Cretaceous of the Wealden Supergroup (England, Valanginian, Wadhurst Clay Formation) is represented by a fragmentary forewing with eye-spot and its generic affiliation is questionable.…”