Two models of impulsivity: relationship to personality traits and psychopathology

Swann, Alan C.; Bjork, James M.; Moeller, F. Gerard; Dougherty, Donald M.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01357-9

Cited by 302 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is consistent with other work showing that ATD affects impulsive behavior only in certain individuals (Cherek and Lane, 1999;LeMarquand et al, 1999;Bjork et al, 2000;Marsh et al, 2002;Swann et al, 2002; but see Crean et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Tryptophan Depletion Disrupts the Motivational Guidance of Goal-Directed Behavior as a Function of Trait Impulsivity

Cools

Blackwell

Clark

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

140

145

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Serotonin (5-HT) is well known to affect the motivational properties of stimuli predictive of rewards as well as the inhibitory control of behavior. Here, central 5-HT depletion was induced by the acute tryptophan (TRP) depletion (ATD) procedure in young healthy volunteers to examine the role of 5-HT in motivated action and prepotent response inhibition. A novel reaction-time task, tailored to individual differences in general cognitive speed, was employed to measure the guidance of behavior by motivationally relevant signals predictive of reinforcement likelihood, while the stop-signal reaction-time task was used to measure response inhibition. Following the TRP-balancing control drink, cues predictive of high-reinforcement certainty induced faster, but less accurate responses compared with cues predictive of lower reinforcement certainty. Depletion of central 5-HT modulated this coupling between motivation and action by slowing responses and increasing accuracy as a function of incentive certainty. These effects of ATD on motivated action correlated highly with individual differences in the personality trait of Nonplanning Impulsiveness (Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11)), so that strongest effects on motivated action were observed in high-impulsive individuals. By contrast, ATD left unaltered the ability to inhibit prepotent responses. Our findings may have implications for a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders including impulsive aggressive disorders and depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Tryptophan Depletion Disrupts the Motivational Guidance of Goal-Directed Behavior as a Function of Trait Impulsivity

Cools

Blackwell

Clark

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

140

145

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show abstract

“…In support of this suggestion, little correlation has been found between different measures of impulsivity in normal human volunteers (McDonald et al, 2003), and although clinical studies often use the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) as an overall measure of 'trait impulsivity', factor analysis reveals that the items within this scale cluster into three independent factors (Patton et al, 1995). In a recent study using human volunteers, errors of commission on a continuous performance test (a potential measure of impulsive action analogous to the 5CSRT and 'one-choice' tasks) were strongly correlated with BIS scores, whereas performance on a delay-discounting task showed only a moderate correlation with this questionnaire measure (Swann et al, 2002). It has also been suggested that two sub-types of ADHD exist which have different neurobiological bases, and which are predominantly categorized by different measures of impulsivity; poor inhibitory control is associated with disordered thought and action regulated by mesocortical dopamine systems, and intolerance to delay of gratification reflects an altered motivational style linked to mesolimbic dopamine systems (Sonuga-Barke, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionating Impulsivity: Contrasting Effects of Central 5-HT Depletion on Different Measures of Impulsive Behavior

Winstanley

Dalley

Theobald

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

339

280

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Reducing levels of 5-HT in the central nervous system has been associated with increases in impulsive behavior. However, the impulsivity construct describes a wide range of behaviors, including the inability to withhold a response, intolerance to delay of reward and perseveration of a nonrewarded response. Although these behaviors are generally studied using instrumental paradigms, impulsivity may also be reflected in simple Pavlovian tasks such as autoshaping and conditioned activity. This experiment aimed to characterize further the effects of central 5-HT depletion and to investigate whether different behavioral measures of impulsivity are inter-related, thus validating the construct. Rats received intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions of vehicle (n ¼ 10) or the serotonergic neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (n ¼ 12) which depleted forebrain 5-HT levels by about 90%. Lesioned animals showed significant increases in the speed and number of responses made in autoshaping, increased premature responding on a simple visual attentional task, enhanced expression of locomotor activity conditioned to food presentation, yet no change in impulsive choice was observed, as measured by a delay-discounting paradigm. Significant positive correlations were found between responses made in autoshaping and the level of conditioned activity, indicating a possible common basis for these behaviors, yet no correlations were found between other behavioral measures. These data strengthen and extend the hypothesis that 5-HT depletion increases certain types of impulsive responding. However, not all measures of impulsivity appear to be uniformly affected by 5-HT depletion, or correlate with each other, supporting the suggestion that impulsivity is not a unitary construct.

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“…Given the broad use of the term impulsivity, it is not surprising that a wide range of definitions and measures have been developed for the construct of impulsivity, with researchers differentiating between two (Dickman, 1990;Swann, Bjork, Moeller, & Dougherty, 2002) or three (Dougherty, Marsh, Mathias, & Swann, 2005) subtypes of impulsivity. For example, according to Dougherty et al (2005), impulsivity can be divided into at least three main categories, including (a) response initiation, (b) response inhibition, and (c) consequence sensitivity or reward delay.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Control and Impulsivity in Children: Multiple Behavioral Measures

et al. 2011

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Two models of impulsivity: relationship to personality traits and psychopathology

Cited by 302 publications

References 23 publications

Tryptophan Depletion Disrupts the Motivational Guidance of Goal-Directed Behavior as a Function of Trait Impulsivity

Tryptophan Depletion Disrupts the Motivational Guidance of Goal-Directed Behavior as a Function of Trait Impulsivity

Fractionating Impulsivity: Contrasting Effects of Central 5-HT Depletion on Different Measures of Impulsive Behavior

Self-Control and Impulsivity in Children: Multiple Behavioral Measures

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