Two magma series and associated ore deposit types in the Permian Emeishan large igneous province, SW China

Mesoproterozoic high Fe–Ti mafic magmatism in western Shandong, North China Craton: Petrogenesis and implications for the final breakup of the Columbia supercontinent

“…3c and d), as seen in the aforementioned cumulate gabbros (Turner, 1996;Nielsen, 2004;Zhou et al, 2005Zhou et al, , 2008aZhao et al, 2009;Namur et al, 2011;VanTongeren and Mathez, 2012). Therefore, the low Mg, Cr and Ni concentrations, together with the lack of modal olivine and cumulate textures in all samples, likely denote a non-cumulate origin.…”

“…7b) is inconsistent with this view. Indeed, like the cumulate oceanic gabbros and several well-known layered intrusions with Fe-Ti-rich trends in the world (i.e., the Skaergaard Intrusion in East Greenland, Nielsen, 2004;Jakobsen et al, 2005Jakobsen et al, , 2011; the Sept Iles layered intrusion in Canada, Namur et al, 2011; the Bushveld Complex in South Africa, VanTongeren and Mathez, 2012; the Panzhihua intrusion complex, Zhou et al, 2005Zhou et al, , 2008a,b and the Damiao complex in the NCC, Zhao et al, 2009), they are generally sub-alkaline in composition, and exhibit positive Eu and Sr anomalies. Moreover, structurally, they commonly show cryptic layering.…”

“…Moreover, most of the Fe-Ti-rich compositions are found in plutonic environments and only rare cases are known for erupted rocks (Clague et al, 1981;Perfit and Fornari, 1983;Sinton et al, 1983;Hunter and Sparks, 1987;Pearce et al, 1994;Hooper, 2000;Harper, 2003;Zhang et al, 2012). Some of these intrusions host world class Fe-Ti oxide deposits, such as the Skaergaard Intrusion in East Greenland (e.g., Nielsen, 2004;Jakobsen et al, 2005Jakobsen et al, , 2011, the Sept Iles layered intrusion in Canada (e.g., Namur et al, 2011), the Bushveld Complex in South Africa (e.g., VanTongeren and Mathez, 2012), the Panzhihua intrusive complex in southwestern China (e.g., Zhou et al, 2005Zhou et al, , 2008a and the Damiao complex in North China (e.g., Zhao et al, 2009). However, the mechanism by which they achieved their enrichment in Fe-Ti contents, especially for those developed in a continental regime, remains controversial.…”

Igneous Rock Associations 16. The Late Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province

“…TiO 2 < 2.5 wt.%) are considered to be derived from either the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) or picritic magmas that assimilated upper crust (Fig. 4) (Xiao et al 2004;Wang et al 2007;Fan et al 2008;Song et al 2008;Zhou et al 2008;Qi et al 2010). The significance of the basalt groups is that the composition is indicative of the type of mineral deposit (i.e.…”

“…The propensity of sulphide and/or PGE deposits to form is suggested to be linked with the type (i.e. 'low-Ti') of parental magma (Song et al 2009;Zhou et al 2008;Wang et al 2011 grouped the sulphide and PGE deposits into four genetic types based on inferred petrogenetic processes, and host rock and mineral associations. The four types of deposits are: 1) Ni-Cu-(PGE) by in situ sulphide segregation, 2) PGEenriched layers within layered intrusions, 3) Ni-Cu sulphide related to sulphide-bearing mush, and 4) PGE sulphide ores in ultramafic rocks.…”