Two-level scheduling scheme for integrated 4G-WLAN network

Abstract

In this paper, a novel scheduling scheme for the Fourth Generation (4G)-Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) network is proposed to ensure that end to end traffic transaction is provisioned seamlessly. The scheduling scheme is divided into two stages; in stage one, traffic is separated into Actual Time Traffic (ATT) and Non-Actual-Time Traffic (NATT), while in stage two, complex queuing strategy is performed. In stage one, Class-Based Queuing (CBQ) and Deficit Round Robin (DRR) are used for NATT and ATT applications, respectively to separate and forward traffic themselves according to source requirements. Whereas in the stage, two Control Priority Queuing (CPQ) is used to assign each class the appropriate priority level. Evaluation of the performance of the integrated network was done according to several metrics such as end-to-end delay, jitter, packet loss, and network’s throughput. Results demonstrate major improvements for AT services with minor degradation on NAT applications after implementing the new scheduling scheme.

Focused and collimated Gaussian laser beam scintillation in weakly turbulent marine atmospheric medium

“…Lessen (6) to scintillation index in Kolmogorov to affirm the accuracy of our model and by way of taking inner scale 0 = 0. In addition, neglect the influence of outer scale [1].…”

“…Additionally, <BER> versus source size, link length, and wave length are also presented and discussed. All these results are acquired from (6) and (7). Most results are obtained by regulating the wavelength = 1550 nm, inner scale = 2 mm, outer scale 0 = 1 and structure constant 2 = 1 × 10 −15 m −2/3 .…”

“…In the marine atmosphere, the power spectra are stated in [3,4]. Utilizing on-axis scintillation from higher order laser beams in a weak turbulent marine environment medium were assessed and presented in [5,6]. Starting a generalized maritime atmospheric spectrum model to present Gaussian beam waves propagating through non-Kolmogorov maritime atmospheric environment where an analytic expression is derived of average scintillation index which is associated with the receiver-aperture [7].…”

Energy‑harvesting and energy aware routing algorithm for heterogeneous energy WSNs

“…In addition, it may be deployed in unreachable environments, making it difficult to manage energy consumption during the sensing and routing process. In all cases, one of the major goals for the design and development of any application in WSN is to Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci ISSN: 2502-4752  Energy-harvesting and energy aware routing algorithm for … (Mohammed Mehdi Saleh) 911 maintain the sensor nodes alive and usable for as long as needed [6]- [8]. There are various fields wherein the energy of sensor nodes consumed such as communication, sensing, processing, idleness and sleeping.…”

5G cognitive radio system design with new algorithm asynchronous spectrum sensing

“…In order to provide high-quality services, it is necessary for 5G wireless networks to incorporate more candidate technologies and to integrate multiple types of functional networks [8]. These technologies include, for example, device-to-device, cognitive radio (CR), software defined networking, massive multi-Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285  5G cognitive radio system design with new algorithm asynchronous … (Mohammed Mehdi Saleh) 2047 input multi-output and so on [9], [10]. With all these new technologies, the obstacles to the 5G network remain multifaceted, such as the rapid growth of mobile data, traffic and the scarcity of spectrum.…”