Two-Layer QR Codes

Yuan, Tailing; Wang, Yili; Xu, Kun; Martin, Ralph R.; Hu, Shi‐Min

doi:10.1109/tip.2019.2908490

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The capacity of a traditional QR code ( N T ) (Figure 4e) was 2 n , and the multicolor QR code ( N C ) was 36 n . Compared with their theoretical information capacity, [ 20 ] multicolor QR codes had exponential multiples of traditional QR codes and are expected to be a new method of information transmission.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Photonic Wires with Three Primary Color Emissions for Information Encryption

Yang

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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DNA photonic wires (PWs) are a new type of photon delivery nanodevice and have attracted wide attention due to their excellent photon delivery ability via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) but are dramatically challenged in real applications. In this study, 7‐amino‐4‐methyl‐3‐coumarinylacetic acid is used as a donor, Texas Red is used as an acceptor, and acridine orange is used as a bridge to intercalate DNA to facilitate the homo‐FRET process, which leads to DNA PWs with high‐energy transfer efficiencies (≈0.9). Notably, the newly developed DNA PWs exhibit characteristic emissions in the three primary colors, which are successively adjusted by simply changing the extent of FRET to make over 36 subtypes of fluorescence emissions. This polychroism is further applied for information encryption with high efficiency, which is a new application for DNA PWs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Photonic Wires with Three Primary Color Emissions for Information Encryption

Yang

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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“…The coefficients a i and b i , i = 0, 1, 2, are the transformation matrix A. Matrices X and U are known, and A is unknown. Equation (1) can be abbreviated as U = AX, and the A matrix can be obtained by linear algebra, as in Equation (2).…”

Section: Proposed Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving readability by modifying graphic QR code microstructure

Liu

Chou

et al. 2021

Electronics Letters

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White modules of quick response codes (QR codes) are degraded by dot gain, especially when printed at smaller sizes, which results in more false blacks than false whites in error analysis, and also severely affects decoding ability. To reduce the false blacks generated from printing and to improve code readability, modifying the microstructure of graphic QR codes by reducing the size of the information dots is proposed. Experimental results show that the resultant QR code reduces the number of false blacks and thus the error rate. This method applies to the physical output of both conventional and graphic QR codes.

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“…Numerous studies have attempted to explain how separate messages are encrypted to obtain two-layer QR codes, with both the top and bottom layers encrypted in the left and right display modes to encrypt two required messages. However, some evidence suggests that it is difficult to read the QR code by increasing the complexity of the recognition of images that are enlarged, although research is required to confirm the output findings [11]. An additional method used to store more data in less space than the QR code adopted zip compression of data by replacing a small code word with a different type of character through a secure multiplex [12].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of QR Code Capacity by Encrypted Lossless Compression Technology for Verification of Secure E-Document

Ali

Farhan

2020

IEEE Access

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This paper provides a novel method to improve the data storage of a quick response code (QR code) by applying encrypted lossless compression technology. QR codes are used in several domains, particularly when there is a need to transfer various types of text information. A key aspect of this work is to thus propose a new methodology to overcome the weaknesses of the limited size of the traditional QR code, which has long been an important issue in a wide range of areas. The proposed algorithm incorporates a clear and simple plan for overcoming this difficulty by inserting confidential information into a QR code message. The QR code is updated through the addition of levels that help to share secure messages of various sizes and to authenticate documents for verification and validation. In this work, the newly proposed QR code does not reconstruct the configuration or structure of the QR code. Rather, it provides better security because it relies on the features of the Huffman compression algorithm to reduce the size of the input data and the principles of encryption through the XOR function, which is done through a variable encryption key. The experimental results show the superiority of our method over the previous methods. The scope of this endeavour is thus wide, and there is potential for the encoding of different types of data with a high compression rate in the near future. INDEX TERMS 1D barcode, quick response code (QR code), Huffman coding, security.

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Two-Layer QR Codes

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Photonic Wires with Three Primary Color Emissions for Information Encryption

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Photonic Wires with Three Primary Color Emissions for Information Encryption

Improving readability by modifying graphic QR code microstructure

Enhancement of QR Code Capacity by Encrypted Lossless Compression Technology for Verification of Secure E-Document

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