“…31 The limit of detection (LOD) was defined as the average of 20 blank samples plus three times the standard deviation. 32 Under natural light, the color signals gradually "turned off" as the analyte concentration increased, with vLODs of 0.20, 0.50, and 0.50 μg/kg for milk, beef, and pork, respectively (Figure 3A−C), while the fluorescence signals gradually "turned on" under 365 nm UV excitation, with vLODs of 0.20, 0.35, and 0.35 μg/kg for three samples, respectively (Figure 3D−F). The LODs of Ti 3 C 2 @Au-mediated dual-signal immunosensor in colorimetric mode were 0.0018, 0.12, and 0.084 μg/kg, and the linear ranges were 0.05−0.80, 0.35−1.50, and 0.25−1.00 μg/kg, respectively, whereas in fluorescence mode, the LODs were 0.0013, 0.080, and 0.070 μg/kg, and the linear ranges were 0.05−0.80, 0.35−2.00, and 0.25−1.50 μg/kg for milk, beef, and pork, respectively.…”