Two-Kidney, Two Clip Renovascular Hypertensive Rats Can Be Used as Stroke-prone Rats

Abstract

Background and Purpose-The cerebrovascular lesions in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats are not only dependent on high blood pressure but partly related to pressure-independent genetic factors. The aim of the present study was to observe whether spontaneous stroke occurred in renovascular hypertensive rats without a genetic deficiency. Methods-The 1-kidney, 1 clip (1k1c); 2-kidney, 1 clip (2k1c); and 2-kidney, 2 clip (2k2c) methods were used to induce hypertension in male Sprague-Dawley rats with a ring-shaped silver clip. Sham-operated rats were used as controls. Blood pressure and neurological symptoms were observed in the rats without any artificial inducement. Brain sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin were examined under a microscope to determine stroke foci. Results-The attack rate of stable hypertension was 100% (55/55) in the 2k2c group, which was significantly higher than that in the 1k1c (23/30, 76.7%) and 2k1c (21/30, 70%) groups (PϽ0.01). None of the rats in the 2k2c group died of acute renal failure or suffered from diffuse cerebral lesions postoperatively. Forty weeks after renal artery constriction, the incidence of spontaneous stroke in the 2k2c group was 61.8% (34/55), which was significant higher than that in the 1k1c (7/30, 23.3%) and 2k1c (5/30,16.7%) groups (PϽ0.01). Stroke foci were not observed in normotensive controls. Conclusions-We conclude that 2k2c renovascular hypertensive rats with proper renal artery constriction can be used as stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats independent of a genetic deficiency. (Stroke. 1998;29:1708-1714.)

Heritability of Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Lesions and Cerebral Aneurysms in the Rat

“…26,27 In a recent report, renovascular hypertensive Sprague-Dawley rats have been proposed as a model of stroke-prone rats "independent of a genetic deficiency." 20 Our present results do not support such a conclusion since it appears clear that genetic factors partly control the phenotype of cerebrovascular disease in hypertension.…”

“…Microscopic features of these ICV lesions were very similar to those described in the brain of renovascular hypertensive rats. 20 The incidence of ICV lesions and aneurysms is shown in Figure 3. In general, groups that developed ICV lesions presented a low incidence of aneurysms in the circle of Willis.…”

“…1 In this context, it is noteworthy that the Sprague-Dawley rat, which has been shown to develop ICV lesions in hypertension, 20 is also among the rat strains more susceptible to IEL rupture. 29 However, the present study showed no link in BC(F1XBN) rats between the level of IEL ruptures in either the abdominal aorta or renal arteries and the occurrence of ICV lesions.…”

Alteration of Volume-Regulated Chloride Movement in Rat Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Cells During Hypertension

“…16 At 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively, the mean values of BP in the 2k2c group were significantly higher than those in sham-operated groups. Development of hypertension in the 2k2c group could be prevented by chronic captopril treatment (see details in data supplement).…”

Integrin β3 mediates cerebrovascular remodelling through Src/ClC‐3 volume‐regulated Cl− channel signalling pathway

“…Animals had free access to regular chow and sterile water. 2K2C hypertensive rats were prepared as previously described (Zeng et al,1998). Briefly, healthy male SpragueDawley rats were anaesthetized by injection of 10% chloral hydrate (3 mg kg −1 , i.p.…”