Two Imported Cases of Congenital Rubella Syndrome and Infection-Control Challenges in New York State, 2013–2015

Robyn, Misha; Dufort, Elizabeth; Rosen, Jennifer B; Southwick, K; Bryant, Patrick; Greenko, Jane; Adams, Eleanor; Kurpiel, Philip; Alvarez, Kimberly J.; Burstein, Gale R.; Sen, Kathryn; Vasquez, Deborah; Rausch‐Phung, Elizabeth; Schulte, Cynthia; Lutterloh, Emily; Blog, Debra

doi:10.1093/jpids/pix028

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…CRS is a series of serious birth defects 3 , 7 , 8 caused by rubella infection during pregnancy. Disabilities caused by CRS include congenital heart defects, congenital cataracts, hearing impairment, and developmental delays, 9 , 10 which bring a severe burden to the patient’s families and society.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of congenital rubella syndrome and epidemiology of related cases in China, 2014–2023

Gong,

Zheng,

Fang

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Rubella is a major cause of congenital defects, and the presence of rubella infection in a pregnant woman may lead to fetal death or congenital defects known as congenital rubella syndrome(CRS). Since China has not yet established a national CRS surveillance system, the true incidence cannot be determined. To understand the disease burden and epidemiological characteristics of CRS cases in China, the article reports the first case of CRS in Quzhou, China, and conducts a retrospective analysis of related cases that have been reported in China over the past decade. Because the availability of rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) was not widespread in China before 2008, women of childbearing age born before 2008 are generally unvaccinated against RCV. Due to the lack of routine CRS monitoring and screening, CRS is underreported in China. Vaccination of nonimmune women of childbearing age with RCV and establishing a sensitive and timely case-based CRS surveillance system can accelerate the elimination of rubella and CRS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of congenital rubella syndrome and epidemiology of related cases in China, 2014–2023

Gong,

Zheng,

Fang

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Testing for seroconversion at the end of pregnancy to signify exposure 1 was not possible in this retrospective study; however, with both groups having over 30% of women with low titers at their first prenatal visit, waning immunity in the United States may be a greater problem than we know. Identifying women who are rubella nonimmune early in pregnancy and then checking another rubella titer at the time of delivery is an easy way to look for exposures; however, even in women considered to be rubella immune early in pregnancy, exposures resulting in many cases of congenital rubella have also occurred 1,12 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental outcomes in children born to women with possible subclinical rubella exposures during pregnancy

Hutton

2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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This study investigated outcomes of children born to women who seroconverted to rubella immune during pregnancy. In a prior 2012-2013 study of 296 women who were rubella nonimmune, 26 (8.8%) seroconverted to rubella immune during pregnancy. These same women and their now 8-9 years-old children were queried as to the children's developmental health. After removing exclusions and those lost to follow-up, the total response rate was 115/204 (56.4%). Three sets of twins in the nonimmune group increased the total to 118. The seroconversion group had more autism (12.5% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.19), ADHD (37.5% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.10), and any developmental disability (43.8% vs. 31.4%, p = 0.39) but none showed a statistical difference between the two groups. Compared to Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring data, the seroconversion group had a greater prevalence of autism (odds ratio [OR] 6.

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“…9 Other maternal factors are reported to be influencing maternal rubella infection, such as women living in urban areas and women attending school. 10,11 It was impossible for us to verify the immune status because this practice is not yet common during pregnancy follow-up.…”

Section: Classification According To Who Criteria According To Clinical and Paraclinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The few cases reported later were all imported cases. 11,[15][16][17] The obvious factor associated with the occurrence of CRS is the lack of pre-pregnancy rubella immunity in the mother that reflects a low immunization coverage against rubella. 18,19 In Madagascar, the rubella vaccine is not free of charge because it is not yet part of EPI vaccines.…”

Section: Classification According To Who Criteria According To Clinical and Paraclinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemio-clinical aspects of congenital rubella syndrome in Madagascar

Andriatahina¹,

Ravaoarisoa

Ranivoson³

et al. 2020

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Congenital rubella syndrome is the first congenital defect preventable by vaccination. The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on the extent and epidemiology of congenital rubella syndrome in Madagascar.Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study from January 2013 to May 2019 was conducted in 8 hospitals in 2 provinces of Madagascar, Antananarivo and Toliara. The study included children who attended the services selected during the study period and who had the following conditions: children aged of 0 to 59 months, regardless of vaccination status, meeting the World Health Organization clinical criteria for congenital rubella syndrome with or without biological confirmation.Results: Of the 152,304 cases of children of all ages who visited or were hospitalized during the study period, 112 clinically confirmed cases of congenital rubella syndrome were identified. The age group 0 to 11 months involved 60 children (53.6%). Congenital heart disease was found in 83.0% of cases, mental backwardness in 43.7% and microcephaly in 26.8%. Twenty-three among (20.5%) them died. The death was due to cardiac diseases in 16 children.Conclusions: Findings confirm that the diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome is underestimated in current pediatric practice in Madagascar. The introduction of the rubella vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization and the implementation of an effective and sustainable surveillance system for congenital rubella syndrome in the country is a proved effective tool for the prevention of this disease.

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Two Imported Cases of Congenital Rubella Syndrome and Infection-Control Challenges in New York State, 2013–2015

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

A case of congenital rubella syndrome and epidemiology of related cases in China, 2014–2023

A case of congenital rubella syndrome and epidemiology of related cases in China, 2014–2023

Developmental outcomes in children born to women with possible subclinical rubella exposures during pregnancy

Epidemio-clinical aspects of congenital rubella syndrome in Madagascar

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