Two Hundred Years of Health and Medical Care: The Importance of Medical Care for Life Expectancy Gains

Catillon, Maryaline; Cutler, David M.

doi:10.3386/w25330

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that these estimates are of similar magnitude to an estimate recently reported by Catillon, Cutler and Getzen (2018). Catillon, Cutler and Getzen (2018) use data for the period 1905-1936 on the same 13 cities considered by CM-2005. These authors also use CM's specification, but omit the city-specific linear trends. 9 They find that filtration is associated with a 4.1 percent (e -.042 -1 = .041) reduction in the total mortality rate.…”

Section: Total Mortalitysupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In column (3), we omit the city-specific linear trends, which reduces the estimated filtration effect from -13.4 log points to -5.8 log points. This latter estimate is similar to, and statistically indistinguishable from, the estimate reported by Catillon, Cutler and Getzen (2018).…”

Section: Total Mortalitysupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The dependent variable is equal to the natural log of the number of deaths per 100,000 population in city c and year t. See Cutler and Miller (2005) or Anderson, Charles and Rees (2018) for further description of the regression specifications in columns (1)-(3). See Catillon, Cutler and Getzen (2018) for further description of the regression specification in column (4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catillon, Cutler and Getzen (2018) also omit the following controls used in CM-2005: ln(Population), Begin Filtration Within Five Years and Begin Chlorination Within Five Years.10 This estimate can be found in the first column ofTable 2(Catillon, Cutler and Getzen 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality: Reply to Cutler and Miller

2019

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Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

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Section: Total Mortalitysupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Total Mortalitysupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality: Reply to Cutler and Miller

2019

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“…The broad timing of the 1930s decline across all regions in our data is consistent with that found in previous studies. Catillon et al (2018), for instance, documented a trend break in 1936 using national data on influenza and pneumonia mortality. Jayachandran et al (2010) found that sulfa drugs reduced maternal mortality by 24 % to 36 %, pneumonia mortality by 17 % to 32 %, and scarlet fever mortality by 52 % to 65 % from 1937 to 1943.…”

Section: Infectious Mortality Declined Later In Southern Cities Than mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional and Racial Inequality in Infectious Disease Mortality in U.S. Cities, 1900–1948

2019

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In the first half of the twentieth century, the rate of death from infectious disease in the United States fell precipitously. Although this decline is well-known and well-documented, there is surprisingly little evidence about whether it took place uniformly across the regions of the United States. We use data on infectious disease deaths from all reporting U.S. cities to describe regional patterns in the decline of urban infectious mortality from 1900 to 1948. We report three main results. First, urban infectious mortality was higher in the South in every year from 1900 to 1948. Second, infectious mortality declined later in southern cities than in cities in the other regions. Third, comparatively high infectious mortality in southern cities was driven primarily by extremely high infectious mortality among African Americans. From 1906 to 1920, African Americans in cities experienced a rate of death from infectious disease that was greater than what urban whites experienced during the 1918 flu pandemic.

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Federal Funding and Citation Metrics of US Biomedical Researchers, 1996 to 2022

2022

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ImportanceBoth citation and funding metrics converge in shaping current perceptions of academic success.ObjectiveTo evaluate what proportion of the most-cited US-based scientists are funded by biomedical federal agencies and whether funded scientists are more cited than nonfunded ones.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study used linkage of a Scopus-based database on top-cited US researchers (according to a composite citation metric) and the National Institutes of Health RePORTER database of federal funding (33 biomedical federal agencies). Matching was based on name and institution. US-based top-cited scientists who were allocated to any of 69 scientific subfields highly related to biomedicine were considered in the main analysis. Data were downloaded on June 11, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportion of US-based top-cited biomedical scientists who had any (1996-2022), recent (2015-2022), and current (2021-2022) funding. Comparisons of funded and nonfunded scientists assessed total citations and a composite citation index.ResultsThere were 204 603 records in RePORTER (1996-2022) and 75 316 US-based top-cited scientists in the career-long citation database; 40 887 scientists were included in the main analysis. The proportion of US-based top-cited biomedical scientists (according to career-long citation impact) who had received any federal funding from biomedical research agencies was 62.7% (25 650 of 40 887) for any funding (1996-2022), 23.1% (9427 of 40 887) for recent funding (2015-2022), and 14.1% (5778 of 40 887) for current funding (2021-2022). Respective proportions were 64.8%, 31.4%, and 20.9%, for top-cited scientists according to recent single-year citation impact. There was large variability across scientific subfields (eg, current funding: 31% of career-long impact top-cited scientists in geriatrics, 30% in bioinformatics and 29% in developmental biology, but 0% in legal and forensic medicine, general psychology and cognitive sciences, and gender studies). Funded top-cited researchers were overall more cited than nonfunded top-cited scientists (median [IQR], 9594 [5650-1703] vs 5352 [3057-9890] citations; P &lt; .001) and substantial difference remained after adjusting for subfield and years since first publication. Differences were more prominent in some specific biomedical subfields.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study, biomedical federal funding had offered support to approximately two-thirds of the top-cited biomedical scientists at some point during the last quarter century, but only a small minority of top-cited scientists had current federal biomedical funding. The large unevenness across subfields needs to be addressed with ways that improve equity, efficiency, excellence, and translational potential.

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Two Hundred Years of Health and Medical Care: The Importance of Medical Care for Life Expectancy Gains

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality: Reply to Cutler and Miller

Public Health Efforts and the Decline in Urban Mortality: Reply to Cutler and Miller

Regional and Racial Inequality in Infectious Disease Mortality in U.S. Cities, 1900–1948

Federal Funding and Citation Metrics of US Biomedical Researchers, 1996 to 2022

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