Two high-performance liquid chromatographic assays for the determination of free and total silibinin diastereomers in plasma using column switching with electrochemical detection and reversed-phase chromatography with ultraviolet detection

Effect of &#946-Glucuronidase on Extraction Efficiency of Silymarin from Human Plasma Samples Using Validated HPLC-UV Analysis

“…Silymarin, an extract from the seeds of Silybum marianum (milk thistle), has hepatoprotective and free radical scavenging activities [1][2][3]. The principal constituent of silymarin is silybin or silibinin, which is a mixture of diastereomers, namely, silybin A and silybin B (1:1).…”

“…Several analytical methods for the detection and quantification of silymarin flavonolignans in human plasma using HPLC, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection have been reported [2][3][4]8]. These techniques, except HPLC, require several sample processing steps or derivatization [11].…”

Rumen degradability and whole tract digestibility of flavonolignans from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) fruit expeller in dairy cows

“…As reported by Rickling et al (1995) or Wen et al (2008), silymarin flavonolignans after oral administration were quickly metabolized to their conjugates, primarily forming glucuronides, and the conjugates were primary components present in human plasma. Wen et al (2008) further demonstrated that all six silymarin flavonolignans were rapidly eliminated, and the conjugated silymarin flavonolignans had relatively longer half-lives than their free forms.…”

Antiviral effects of silymarin against hepatitis C: The jury is still out

“…[6][7][8][9][10] The first pharmacokinetic evaluation of SM in patients with liver disease recently indicated there may be substantial differences in silymarin metabolism between patients with mild and advanced chronic HCV, resulting in three-fold to five-fold higher plasma concentrations of flavonolignan conjugates as compared to healthy subjects. 11 Still, concentrations of SM required to inhibit HCV replication in vitro appear to be one to two orders of magnitude higher than those observed in patients with chronic HCV using customary doses.…”

“…Furthermore, other tetraspanin molecules, such as CD9 and CD151, have also been shown to be associated with nonjunctional claudin-1, 7 whose functional significance is still unknown. In light of the widely accepted implication that tetraspanins orchestrate macromolecular membrane complexes with functional significance, 8 as well as being involved in membrane trafficking, 9 could the expression and location of claudin-1 be regulated by CD81 or any CD81 partner? How does HCV binding to these receptors influence their distribution and functionality?…”