Two Herbivores and Constraints on Selection for Resistance in Brassica rapa

Pilson, Diana

doi:10.2307/2410886

Cited by 43 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, sub-lethal plant defences that slow down herbivore growth may both compromise the herbivore's immune response against parasitism [17] and expand the temporal window of vulnerability to parasitoid attack, rather resulting in a higher than lower parasitism [22,24]. Also, plant defences may be shaped by a whole community of interacting herbivores than by single pairwise interactions between species [2,23,25,26]. Therefore, an alternative to the view of trade-offs between defences, is that they act additively or synergistically to combat different herbivore species simultaneously, and do not interfere with each other [22,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of direct and indirect defences on herbivore egg survival in a wild crucifer

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evolutionary theory of plant defences against herbivores predicts a trade-off between direct (anti-herbivore traits) and indirect defences (attraction of carnivores) when carnivore fitness is reduced. Such a trade-off is expected in plant species that kill herbivore eggs by exhibiting a hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis, which should then negatively affect carnivores. We used the black mustard (Brassica nigra) to investigate how this potentially lethal direct trait affects preferences and/or performances of specialist cabbage white butterflies (Pieris spp.), and their natural enemies, tiny egg parasitoid wasps (Trichogramma spp.). Both within and between black mustard populations, we observed variation in the expression of Pieris egg-induced HR. Butterfly eggs on plants with HR-like necrosis suffered lower hatching rates and higher parasitism than eggs that did not induce the trait. In addition, Trichogramma wasps were attracted to volatiles of egg-induced plants that also expressed HR, and this attraction depended on the Trichogramma strain used. Consequently, HR did not have a negative effect on egg parasitoid survival. We conclude that even within a system where plants deploy lethal direct defences, such defences may still act with indirect defences in a synergistic manner to reduce herbivore pressure.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of direct and indirect defences on herbivore egg survival in a wild crucifer

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In nature, however, plants are often attacked by multiple herbivore species, a scenario which may interfere with the attraction of natural enemies as a result of modifications in the HIPV and/or OIPV blends (Dicke et al 2009). Multiple herbivory in a tritrophic perspective has received increasing interest recently, as direct and indirect plant defenses may be more often shaped by a whole community of interacting herbivores than by single pairwise interactions between species (Pilson 1996;Agrawal 2007;Dicke and Baldwin 2010;Poelman and Dicke 2014). A growing body of literature suggests that, under multiple herbivore attack, the emission of induced volatile blends can be altered in a specific manner depending on insect feeding guild (biting-chewing or piercing-sucking), plant organ attacked (rootdamage or leaf-damage), herbivore density, order of colonization and time lag between arrivals of the attackers (de Rijk et al 2013 and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attraction of egg-killing parasitoids toward induced plant volatiles in a multi-herbivore context

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In response to insect herbivory, plants emit volatile organic compounds which may act as indirect plant defenses by attracting natural enemies of the attacking herbivore. In nature, plants are often attacked by multiple herbivores, but the majority of studies which have investigated indirect plant defenses to date have focused on the recruitment of different parasitoid species in a single-herbivore context. Here, we report our investigation on the attraction of egg parasitoids of lepidopteran hosts (Trichogramma brassicae and T. evanescens) toward plant volatiles induced by different insect herbivores in olfactometer bioassays. We used a system consisting of a native crucifer, Brassica nigra, two naturally associated herbivores [the butterfly Pieris brassicae (eggs and caterpillars) and the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae] and an alien invasive herbivore (eggs and caterpillars of the moth Spodoptera exigua). We found that Trichogramma wasps were attracted by volatiles induced in the plants by P. brassicae eggs, but not by those induced in the plants by S. exigua eggs, indicating the specificity of the plant responses toward lepidopteran herbivores. The results of the chemical analysis revealed significant differences between the volatile blends emitted by plants in response to attack by P. brassicae and S. exigua eggs which were in agreement with the behavioural observations. We investigated the attraction of Trichogramma wasps toward P. brassicae egg-induced volatiles in plants simultaneously attacked by larvae and nymphs of different non-hosts. The two chewing caterpillars P. brassicae and S. exigua, but not the phloem-feeding aphid B. brassicae, can disrupt the attraction of Trichogramma species toward P. brassicae egg-induced volatiles. Indirect plant defenses are discussed in the context of multiple herbivory by evaluating the importance of origin, dietary specialization and feeding guild of different attackers on the recruitment of egg-killing parasitoids.

show abstract

“…In particular, much is known about this field of research in cultivated and wild plant species in the Brassicales, which includes cabbages, mustards, and related crops and their wild relatives. This includes Arabidopsis thaliana (Bidart-Bouzat and Kliebenstein, 2008; Wentzell and Kliebenstein, 2008), Brassica nigra (Lankau and Strauss, 2007, 2008), B. rapa (Pilson, 1996, 2000), Raphanus raphanistrum (Agrawal et al, 2002), and both wild (Harvey et al, 2007, 2011; Gols et al, 2008a,b; Newton et al, 2009a,b) and cultivated (Poelman et al, 2008; Kos et al, 2011) B. oleracea . These studies and others with different plant taxa have generated a wealth of mechanistic data showing the reciprocal effects of genetic variation in AG plant defense traits on consumers up the food chain, as well as both biotic and abiotic factors that may be driving this variation (Crutsinger et al, 2006; Johnson, 2008; Newton et al, 2009a; Utsumi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, co-evolutionary theory underpins our understanding of intimate consumer-resource interactions in nature (Pimentel, 1961; Ehrlich and Raven, 1964; Rosenzweig, 1973; Abrams, 1986; Marrow and Cannings, 1993; Bonte et al, 2010; de la Peña et al, 2011). Many of the classical studies on co-evolutionary arms races and adaptive radiation have explored interactions between insect herbivores and their food plants (Ehrlich and Raven, 1964; Benson et al, 1975; Berenbaum and Zangerl, 1992; Hamrick and Godt, 1996; Pilson, 1996, 2000; Janz and Nylin, 1998; Lankau, 2007; Lankau and Strauss, 2007; Becerra et al, 2009; Cogni and Futuyma, 2009; Carmona et al, 2011; Bode and Kessler, 2012; Holeski et al, 2012; Bernhardsson et al, 2013). More recently it has been argued that selection for certain traits occurring in a pair-wise fashion are often generated at local or small landscape scales, and the term evolutionary “hotspots” has been invoked to describe this phenomenon (Thompson, 2005a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of aboveground–belowground interactions on the evolution and maintenance of variation in plant defense traits

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the past two decades a growing body of empirical research has shown that many ecological processes are mediated by a complex array of indirect interactions occurring between rhizosphere-inhabiting organisms and those found on aboveground plant parts. Aboveground–belowground studies have thus far focused on elucidating processes and underlying mechanisms that mediate the behavior and performance of invertebrates in opposite ecosystem compartments. Less is known about genetic variation in plant traits such as defense as that may be driven by above- and belowground trophic interactions. For instance, although our understanding of genetic variation in aboveground plant traits and its effects on community-level interactions is well developed, little is known about the importance of aboveground–belowground interactions in driving this variation. Plant traits may have evolved in response to selection pressures from above- and below-ground interactions from antagonists and mutualists. Here, we discuss gaps in our understanding of genetic variation in plant-related traits as they relate to aboveground and belowground multitrophic interactions. When metabolic resources are limiting, multiple attacks by antagonists in both domains may lead to trade-offs. In nature, these trade-offs may critically depend upon their effects on plant fitness. Natural enemies of herbivores may also influence selection for different traits via top–down control. At larger scales these interactions may generate evolutionary “hotspots” where the expression of various plant traits is the result of strong reciprocal selection via direct and indirect interactions. The role of abiotic factors in driving genetic variation in plant traits is also discussed.

show abstract

Two Herbivores and Constraints on Selection for Resistance in Brassica rapa

Cited by 43 publications

References 39 publications

Synergistic effects of direct and indirect defences on herbivore egg survival in a wild crucifer

Synergistic effects of direct and indirect defences on herbivore egg survival in a wild crucifer

Attraction of egg-killing parasitoids toward induced plant volatiles in a multi-herbivore context

The importance of aboveground–belowground interactions on the evolution and maintenance of variation in plant defense traits

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About