Two Faces of the Other-Race Effect: Recognition and Categorisation of Caucasian and Chinese Faces

Ge, Liezhong; Zhang, Hongchuan; Wang, Zhe; Quinn, Paul C.; Pascalis, Olivier; Kelly, David J.; Slater, Alan; Tian, Jie; Kang, Lan

doi:10.1068/p6136

Cited by 116 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…Humans are better at recognizing own-than other-race faces in old-new tasks and are faster at detecting other-race faces in categorization tasks (Ge et al 2009). These two sides of the other-race effect are related to exposure and can be much reduced by perceptual training (Heron-Delaney et al 2011) or by facial expression of positive emotions (Johnson and Fredrickson 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For our Caucasian human participants, novelty should increase their viewing time for rhesus macaques, chimpanzees and Asian faces when paired with Caucasian faces. Face categorization in humans is furthermore complicated by the existence of an "other-race effect", participants being better at recognizing own-than other-race faces (Michel et al 2006;Ge et al 2009). However, no increased visual attention towards own-race faces has been documented in human adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeing two faces together: preference formation in humans and rhesus macaques

Méary

et al. 2014

Anim Cogn

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Humans, great apes and old world monkeys show selective attention to faces depending on conspecificity, familiarity, and social status supporting the view that primates share similar face processing mechanisms. Although many studies have been done on face scanning strategy in monkeys and humans, the mechanisms influencing viewing preference have received little attention. To determine how face categories influence viewing preference in humans and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), we performed two eye-tracking experiments using a visual preference task whereby pairs of faces from different species were presented simultaneously. The results indicated that viewing time was significantly influenced by the pairing of the face categories. Humans showed a strong bias towards an own-race face in an Asian-Caucasian condition. Rhesus macaques directed more attention towards non-human primate faces when they were paired with human faces, regardless of the species. When rhesus faces were paired with faces from Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) or chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), the novel species' faces attracted more attention. These results indicate that monkeys' viewing preferences, as assessed by a visual preference task, are modulated by several factors, species and dominance being the most influential. Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing two faces together: preference formation in humans and rhesus macaques

Méary

et al. 2014

Anim Cogn

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“…Before individual recognition occurs, categorization occurs at a fast rate and may even facilitate it [5]. Indeed several studies have shown that categorization occurs faster than recognition in human adults, suggesting that it constitutes a separate process [6]. The rapidity of the process is likely to permit fast reaction to threatening stimuli like predators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infants' knowledge of their own species

Heron-Delaney

Wirth

Pascalis

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Recognition of individuals at first sight is important for social species and can be achieved by attending to facial or body information. Previous research suggests that infants possess a perceptual template for evolutionarily relevant stimuli, which may include humans, dangerous animals (e.g. snakes), but not non-dangerous animals. To be effective, such a mechanism should result in a systematic preference for attending to humans over non-dangerous animals. Using a preferential looking paradigm, the present studies investigated the nature of infants' early representation of humans. We show that 3.5-and six-month-old infants attend more to human beings than nonhuman primates (a gorilla or monkey) which are examplars of non-dangerous animals. This occurred when infants were presented with head or body information in isolation, as well as when both are presented simultaneously. This early preference for humans by 3.5 months of age suggests that there is a basic representation for humans, which includes both head and/or body information. However, neonates demonstrated a preference only for human faces over nonhuman primate faces, not for humans over non-human primates when the stimuli were presented with both head and body simultaneously. The results show that although neonates display a preference for human faces over others, preference for the human body only develops later, in the first few months of life. This suggests that infants have acquired some knowledge about the human body at 3.5 months of age that may have developed from their privileged experience with other humans in the first few months of life, rather than an innate ability to detect humans in their entirety.

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“…They present the opinion that "the other-race effect is a collection of phenomena whereby the faces of one's own race are processed differently from those of other races. One such occurrence is the own-race recognition advantage whereby ownrace faces are recognised more accurately and faster than other-race faces" (Ge et al 2009(Ge et al , p. 1199. Another one, according to the authors, is the other-race categorisation advantage, which consists of a faster and more accurate categorisation of other-ethnic group faces by race.…”

Section: What Is Other-race Effect?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because the difficulties in distinguishing and in recognising the faces of representatives of other ethnic groups are equally important and cannot be reduced to problems with remembering the faces of representatives of other ethnic minorities. (Ge et al 2009). They present the opinion that "the other-race effect is a collection of phenomena whereby the faces of one's own race are processed differently from those of other races.…”

Section: What Is Other-race Effect?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural neuroscience and the category of race: the case of the other-race effect

Malinowska

2016

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The use of the category of race in science (in relation to humans) remains controversial. During the last few years there has been a lively debate on this topic in the field of a relatively young neuroscience discipline called cultural neuroscience. The main focus of cultural neuroscience is on biocultural conditions of the development of different dimensions of human perceptive activity, both cognitive or emotional. These dimensions are analysed through the comparison of representatives of different social and ethnic groups. In my article, I present arguments supporting these two hypotheses:(1) the other-race effect understood as an individual, distinct effect does not exist. It is rather an exemplification of a much broader phenomenon which I call the unfamiliarity homogeneity effect. It includes not only problems with differentiation and recognition of faces of representatives of other ethnic groups, but also covers similar recognitional difficulties (e.g. recognition of members of other-social groups, other languages or even certain sounds and objects); (2) The race-based terminology and categories are used in cultural neuroscience research in a vague and inconsistent manner. Such an approach distorts the science both in empirically and conceptually significant respects. The unfamiliarity homogeneity effect is an example of such a situation: narrowing it to the other-race effect makes it difficult to analyse in a wider context crucial for its understanding.

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Two Faces of the Other-Race Effect: Recognition and Categorisation of Caucasian and Chinese Faces

Cited by 116 publications

References 42 publications

Seeing two faces together: preference formation in humans and rhesus macaques

Seeing two faces together: preference formation in humans and rhesus macaques

Infants' knowledge of their own species

Cultural neuroscience and the category of race: the case of the other-race effect

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