Two Experiences of Islamic “Revival”: The 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and the Formation of the “Islamic State” in Syria and Iraq in the 2010s

Filin, Nikita A.; Fahmy, Sandra; Khodunov, Alexander; Koklikov, Vladimir O.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86468-2_33

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, here it is worth noting that the second wave was still in process in the Sahel zone and some countries of the Middle East at that time. And there emerged a line of Islamist revolutions and uprisings of 2013-2016 (ISIS, activization of Boko Haram in Nigeria, Islamic State in the Greater Sahara [ISGS], the uprising of radical Islamists AQAP in Yemen, and al-Qaeda affiliated Islamists Ansar ul Islam in Burkuna Faso, Islamic State West Africa Province in the Chad Lake Basin, etc., 3 see Shishkina et al 2022;Fahmy et al 2022;Grinin 2020d;2020f).…”

Section: On the Waves Of Revolutionary Events Of The Twenty-first Cen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Wave of Revolutions in the World-System and Its Zones

Гринин¹,

Гринин²

2022

jogs

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The twenty-first century has turned out to be very turbulent and restless in various respects. In the present article we consider the aspect of revolutionary activity. We observe already the third revolutionary wave within two decades.In the present article we consider the global wave of revolutionary events that started in 2018 and continue up to now. And we pay special attention to the revolutionary events of 2018-2022 in the Afrasian instability macrozone, including the MENA region. The impact of new events on the adjacent worldsystem zones and the World System in general is studied in connection with the previous wave and in comparison with its impact. It is shown that the recent events in in the MENA region continue the World System reconfiguration process within the framework of transformation of the world order. We point out several aspects of the impact of these revolutionary events on the World System and its parts. First, they weaken the World System core; in particular, the Taliban's victory in Afghanistan heavily influences the positions of the USA and its allies. Secondly, the Middle East is increasingly left on its own due to the planned and forced withdrawal of the United States and due to the search for new vectors in foreign policy. And the revolutionary events contribute to this. Thirdly, the radical Islamist influence continues to be very noticeable, both in connection with the Taliban's victory and with further penetration of remaining revolutionary terrorists of the Islamic State to the Sahel countries and further to other African countries. In fact, one may say that in the South, the Afrasian macrozone of instability borders on a peculiar zone of instability, which can be called African. The latter is expanding together with intensification of radicalism and may significantly expand in the future at the expense of African countries that have not yet been affected by it. Fourthly, the growing danger of Islamist revolutionary-terrorist radicalism poses a problem for statehood in the countries of Tropical Africa (which they start to resolve in some places), and also requires more active and extensive assistance on the part of the international community.

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Section: On the Waves Of Revolutionary Events Of The Twenty-first Cen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Wave of Revolutions in the World-System and Its Zones

Гринин¹,

Гринин²

2022

jogs

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“…The government has taken a tougher stance against opposition groups, and the right to freedom of the press, while protected by the constitution, has been severely curtailed by President Bashar Al-Assad. Journalists who report on COVID-19 face censorship, detention, torture, and even death in jail (Filin et al, 2022).…”

Section: Digital Surveillance Can Restrict Access To Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arab journalists have no place: Authorities use digital surveillance to control investigative reporting

AlAshry

2024

Communication & Society

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of digital surveillance by Arab authorities, who face risks and threats of surveillance, and how journalists seeking press freedom use tools and techniques to communicate securely, such as open source in journalism. These journalists share and rely heavily on an open-source data ideology. With novel methods and tools, they integrate a new set of actors, competencies, and technologies into journalistic practice, renegotiating and transcending professional boundaries. The methodology of the study was based on in-depth interviews from Egypt, Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Libya, and Tunisia with a selection of journalists exclusively publishing investigative stories at Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism (ARIJ) about corruption during COVID-19 and how journalists are controlled by authorities. In these interviews, journalists reflected on their professionalism amidst the pandemic and rising authoritarian control of journalistic work. The results of the study indicated that journalists in these countries faced many challenges, such as the difficulty of verifying data because authoritarian regimes published incomplete and inaccurate COVID-19 data and used digital surveillance to control news content. While (ARIJ) supported the investigative journalists by using open-source to publish their investigative stories and expose the Arab rulers, journalists from these countries also revealed severe censorship by their respective governments, an element inconsistent with the Arab constitution.

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