Two-End-Member Mixing in the Fluids Emitted From Mud Volcano Lei-Gong-Huo, Eastern Taiwan: Evidence From Sr Isotopes

Chao, Hung-Chun; You, Chen–Feng; Lin, I-Chun; Liu, Hou-Chun; Chung, Lap-Loi; Huang, Chih‐Ting; Chung, Chen-Kuei

doi:10.3389/feart.2021.750436

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 115 publications

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“…Mud volcanoes provide a unique window to the architecture of sedimentary basins, convergent margins and subduction zones [1,2]. They produce scenic landscapes and morphological features on the Earth's surface, such as gryphons, mud and scoria cones, salses, springs and fire columns [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing Water–Rock–Gas Reactions in Shallow Productive Mud Chambers of Active Mud Volcanoes in the Caspian Sea Region (Azerbaijan)

et al. 2023

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We present geochemical and mineralogical datasets for five new mud volcanoes in continental Azerbaijan (Hamamdagh and Bendovan) and the adjacent Caspian Sea (Khara-Zire, Garasu and Sangi-Mughan). The fluid ejects have a Na–Cl-type composition and are generated by the mixing of evaporated Caspian seawater and low- to high-salinity pore waters, as indicated by Br–B and Cl–B systematics and Na–K and SiO2 geo-thermometers. The fluids contain high concentrations of As, Ba, Cu, Si, Li, Sr and Zn (60 to 26,300 ppm), which are caused by surface evaporation, pyrite oxidation, ion exchange reactions and hydrocarbon maturation in Oligocene-Miocene ‘Maykop’ shales. The solid ejects comprise liquid, oily and brecciated mud, mud/claystones and sandstones. The mud heterogeneity of the volcanoes is related to the geological age and different sedimentological strata of the host rocks that the mud volcanoes pass through during their ascent. All ejects show evidence of chemical alterations via water–rock–gas reactions, such as feldspar weathering, smectite illitization and the precipitation of Fe-(hydr)oxides, calcite, calcian dolomite, kaolinite and smectite. The studied localities have petrographic similarities to northern extending mud volcano systems located on Bahar and Zenbil islands, which suggests that mud volcanoes in the Caspian Sea region are sourced from giant shallow mud chambers (~1–4 km depth) located in Productive Series strata. Our results document the complex architecture of the South Caspian Basin—the most prolific hydrocarbon region in the world.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing Water–Rock–Gas Reactions in Shallow Productive Mud Chambers of Active Mud Volcanoes in the Caspian Sea Region (Azerbaijan)

et al. 2023

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Water of Eastern Taiwan mud volcanoes: part II—trace element distribution of Lei-Gong-Huo mud volcano

Chao

2023

Terr Atmos Ocean Sci

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Mud volcano (MV) is one of the most important channels for deep seated volatile materials to migrate to Earth’s surface in the sedimentary basins at subduction zones. It plays a meaningful role of elemental budget in hydrosphere. Waters of MV fluid emitted from 46 mud pools in MV Lei-Gong-Huo (LGH) in eastern Taiwan were sampled from October 2015 to July 2016 monthly. Previous research indicates that the chemical characteristic of fluid expelled by MV LGH is dominated by two-end-member mixing of water–rock interaction with sedimentary and igneous rocks (Chao et al., Front Earth Sci 9:750436, 2022). Trace elements of 165 mud pool samples, including Al, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Mo, Sb, I, Cs, Pb and U, were measured. The results show that waters of MV LGH reveal similar chemical characteristics to low-temperature ridge-flank hydrothermal spring and marine pore water in anoxic conditions coupled with the addition of clay dehydration. Principle component analysis (PCA) with previous published variables (Chao et al., Front Earth Sci 9:750436, 2022) indicates the important factors are the source of water–rock interaction, the surface ion exchange, the redox condition of mud pool, and the evaporation. In summary, the concentration of trace elements in the waters expelled by MV LGH is in the range of nM to pM. Their behaviors are dominated by secondary factors during and after migration such as surface ion exchange in response to changes in pressure and temperature, redox state of the mud pool, and evaporation. Trace elements in MV water are not suitable for fluid source or provenance studies.

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Two-End-Member Mixing in the Fluids Emitted From Mud Volcano Lei-Gong-Huo, Eastern Taiwan: Evidence From Sr Isotopes

Cited by 2 publications

References 115 publications

Tracing Water–Rock–Gas Reactions in Shallow Productive Mud Chambers of Active Mud Volcanoes in the Caspian Sea Region (Azerbaijan)

Tracing Water–Rock–Gas Reactions in Shallow Productive Mud Chambers of Active Mud Volcanoes in the Caspian Sea Region (Azerbaijan)

Water of Eastern Taiwan mud volcanoes: part II—trace element distribution of Lei-Gong-Huo mud volcano

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