Two efficient measurement device independent quantum dialogue protocols

Abstract

Quantum dialogue is a process of two-way secure and simultaneous communication using a single channel. Recently, a Measurement Device Independent Quantum Dialogue (MDI-QD) protocol has been proposed [A. Maitra, Measurement device independent quantum dialogue,Quantum Inf. Process. 16(12) (2017) 305]. To make the protocol secure against information leakage, the authors have discarded almost half of the qubits remaining after the error estimation phase. In this paper, we propose two modified versions of the MDI-QD protocol such that the number of discarded qubits is reduced to almost one-fourth of the remaining qubits after the error estimation phase. We use almost half of their discarded qubits along with their used qubits to make our protocol more efficient in qubits count. We show that both of our protocols are secure under the same adversarial model given in MDI-QD protocol.

Measurement device–independent quantum secure direct communication with user authentication

“…The first QD protocol was proposed in 2004 by Nguyen [32], which is a generalized version of the ping-pong protocol [33]. Since then, QD has undergone rapid development over the past two decades [34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41]. Several QSDC protocols have been proposed for more than two parties, as discussed in [42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50].…”