Two-Dimensional Wave Equation

Agarwal, Ravi P.; O’Regan, Donal

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79146-3_37

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The FBG with the Bragg wavelength at 1500 nm shows the deformation sensitivity of 1.2 pm/μstrain and temperature sensitivity of 10.3 pm/∘C. Encapsulation itself does not affect the deformation sensitivity, so for the our encapsulated sensor still applies the deformation sensitivity of 1.2 pm/μstrain [60]. The above-mentioned values of sensitivity apply to the Bragg grating created in the standard SMF-28 single-mode optical fiber (ITU-T recommendation G.652).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vital Sign Monitoring and Cardiac Triggering at 1.5 Tesla: A Practical Solution by an MR-Ballistocardiography Fiber-Optic Sensor

Nedoma

Fajkus

Martínek

et al. 2019

Sensors

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This article presents a solution for continuous monitoring of both respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) inside Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) environments by a novel ballistocardiography (BCG) fiber-optic sensor. We designed and created a sensor based on the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) probe encapsulated inside fiberglass (fiberglass is a composite material made up of glass fiber, fabric, and cured synthetic resin). Due to this, the encapsulation sensor is characterized by very small dimensions (30 × 10 × 0.8 mm) and low weight (2 g). We present original results of real MRI measurements (conventionally most used 1.5 T MR scanner) involving ten volunteers (six men and four women) by performing conventional electrocardiography (ECG) to measure the HR and using a Pneumatic Respiratory Transducer (PRT) for RR monitoring. The acquired sensor data were compared against real measurements using the objective Bland–Altman method, and the functionality of the sensor was validated (95.36% of the sensed values were within the ±1.96 SD range for the RR determination and 95.13% of the values were within the ±1.96 SD range for the HR determination) by this means. The accuracy of this sensor was further characterized by a relative error below 5% (4.64% for RR and 4.87% for HR measurements). The tests carried out in an MRI environment demonstrated that the presence of the FBG sensor in the MRI scanner does not affect the quality of this imaging modality. The results also confirmed the possibility of using the sensor for cardiac triggering at 1.5 T (for synchronization and gating of cardiovascular magnetic resonance) and for cardiac triggering when a Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) is used.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the sensor is in the form of a membrane, the own frequency of the membrane then can be defined as [60]:fhx,hy=c2hxLx2+hyLy2 where hx, hy are integer and c can be defined as:c=Eρ, where E is Young modulus, and ρ is the density of the membrane material.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%