“…DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/41/3/037103 Compared with Hermitian systems, non-Hermitian systems are more suitable for simulating open physical systems in real life; thus, extensive research has been conducted on various aspects of these systems, including non-Bloch bulk-boundary correspondence, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] non-Bloch topological invariants, [1,3,4,6,8,9] generalized Brillouin zones, [1,4,8,10] non-Hermitian skin effects, [1,3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] exceptional points (EPs), [1,4,5,13,16] and higher-order topology. [12,17,18] To describe the topological properties of both Hermitian and non-Hermitian systems in real space, different topological invariants, such as the Chern number, [8,9,[19][20][21] Bott index, [9,[22][23][24] and quantized quadrupole moment 𝑄𝑥𝑦,…”