“…Also, these gauges are in direct contact with the flow field means the flow field disturbance is frequently unavoidable ( Hernández et al, 2018;Liu et al, 1982;Lee & Wang, 1984;Yao & Wu, 2005). Optical sensors (Blenkinsopp et al, 2012;Li et al, 1993;Payne et al, 2009), ultrasonic sensors (Blenkinsopp et al, 2010;Vousdoukas et al, 2014) have been used to evaluate the water surface elevation. To overcome the limitations of the intrusive methods, nonintrusive image-based techniques have been developed to obtain the water surface elevation (Douglas et al, 2020;Escudero et al, 2021;Hernández-Fontes et al, 2020;Hernández et al, 2018;Iglesias et al, 2009;Yao & Wu, 2005).…”