Two-dimensional photonic-bandgap structures operating at near-infrared wavelengths

Krauss, Thomas F.; Rue, R.M. De La; Brand, S.

doi:10.1038/383699a0

Cited by 739 publications

(423 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The confinement of light within the plane of a 2D PhC is achieved by sandwiching the 2D PhC between Bragg reflectors, [13] 3D PhCs, [14] or lower-index materials, including air, to utilize total internal reflection. [15] 2D PhCs that operate at optical wavelengths have a periodicity of ca. 100 nm-1 lm with feature tolerances in the nanometer range.…”

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confidence: 99%

Introducing Defects in 3D Photonic Crystals: State of the Art

2006

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Public Reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comment regarding this burden estimates or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188,) Washington, DC 20503. AGENCY USE ONLY ( Leave Blank)2. REPORT DATE Advanced Materials, 18, 2665-2678 (2006). 3D photonic crystals (PhCs) and photonic bandgap (PBG) materials have attracted considerable scientific and technological interest. In order to provide functionality to PhCs, the introduction of controlled defects is necessary; the importance of defects in PhCs is comparable to that of dopants in semiconductors. Over the past few years, significant advances have been achieved through a diverse set of fabrication techniques. While for some routes to 3D PhCs, such as conventional lithography, the incorporation of defects is relatively straightforward; other methods, for example, selfassembly of colloidal crystals (CCs) or holography, require new external methods for defect incorporation. In this review, we will cover the state of the art in the design and fabrication of defects within 3D PhCs. The figure displays a fluorescence laser scanning confocal microscopy image of a y-splitter defect formed through two-photon polymerization within a CC. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 1416. PRICE CODE SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OR REPORT UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION ON THIS PAGE UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT UNCLASSIFIED LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UL IntroductionPhotonic crystals (PhCs) are materials that possess spatial periodicity in their dielectric constant on the order of the wavelength (k) of light. These materials can strongly modulate light [1] and, with sufficient dielectric contrast and an appropriate geometry, may exhibit a photonic bandgap (PBG). This concept was first proposed in 1975 by Bykov [2] but remained relatively unknown until the seminal work of Yablonovitch [3] and John. [4] In a rough analogy to semiconductors, which possess an electronic bandgap, a PBG material prohibits the existence of photons with energies in the PBG. PhCs are naturally classified by the dimensionality of their periodicity, and in order to rigorously prevent the propagation of PBG frequencies in all directions, a 3D PhC with an omnidirectional, or complete PBG (cPBG) is required. cPBG materials have been fabricated and well characterized for operation at microwave and radio frequencies, however, operation in the visible and IR requires the characteristic length scales of these structures to be scaled down by several orders of magnitude...

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Introducing Defects in 3D Photonic Crystals: State of the Art

2006

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“…Furthermore, the lattices can be lithographically rotated to probe di!erent symmetry directions, or curved waveguides can be used to direct the light in the desired direction. Using these techniques, we were able to show the "rst clear experimental signatures of photonic band-gap behaviour in the near-infrared [28].…”

Section: Tuneable Lasermentioning

confidence: 91%

“…100 nm holes etched 600}800 nm deep, Fig. 4), which has been su$cient to demonstrate a range of PBG e!ects in the waveguide geometry, with moderate losses [28,29,42].…”

Section: Dry Etchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic crystals in the optical regime â past, present and future

Krauss

Rue

1999

Progress in Quantum Electronics

443

141

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During the last decade, photonic crystals, also known as photonic microstructures or photonic bandgap structures, have matured from an intellectual curiosity concerning electromagnetic waves to a "eld with real applications in both the microwave and optical regime. In this review, we shall focus on progress and the prospects for semiconductor structures that mainly involve guided modes interacting with periodic structures, but we also evaluate alternative material systems and fabrication methods, e.g. those based on self-organisation. We shall go from basic concepts, via a discussion of the state of the art, to device applications. Naturally, the discussion of the applications will be more speculative, but we attempt to evaluate the real prospects o!ered by photonic crystals at optical frequencies while considering practical limitations. In doing so, we identify a variety of areas such as the combination of quantum dot light emitters with photonic crystals that seem particularly promising. We discuss the prospects for enhanced light}matter interactions in photonic crystals and the related material and design issues. Overall, the aim of this review is to introduce the reader to the concepts of photonic crystals, describe the state of the art and attempt to answer the question of what uses these peculiar structures may have.

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“…Thus this work may be potentially useful for applications of nano-lithography with highly coherent EUV sources [33]. Other possible applications would be nanostructuring of quantum dot arrays, nano-photonic devices, and nano-crystals [34][35][36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Exposure Imaging of Talbot Carpets and Resolution Characterization of Detectors for Micro- and Nano- Patterns

Kim¹,

Danylyuk²,

Brocklesby³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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In this paper, we demonstrate a self-imaging technique that can visualize longitudinal interference patterns behind periodically-structured objects, which is often referred to as Talbot carpet. Talbot carpet is of great interest due to ever-decreasing scale of interference features. We demonstrate experimentally that Talbot carpets can be imaged in a single exposure configuration revealing a broad spectrum of multi-scale features. We have performed rigorous diffraction simulations for showing that Talbot carpet print can produce ever-decreasing structures down to limits set by mask feature sizes. This demonstrates that large-scale pattern masks may be used for direct printing of features with substantially smaller scales. This approach is also useful for characterization of image sensors and recording media.

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Two-dimensional photonic-bandgap structures operating at near-infrared wavelengths

Cited by 739 publications

References 15 publications

Introducing Defects in 3D Photonic Crystals: State of the Art

Introducing Defects in 3D Photonic Crystals: State of the Art

Photonic crystals in the optical regime â past, present and future

Single Exposure Imaging of Talbot Carpets and Resolution Characterization of Detectors for Micro- and Nano- Patterns

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Two-dimensional photonic-bandgap structures operating at near-infrared wavelengths

Cited by 739 publications

References 15 publications

Introducing Defects in 3D Photonic Crystals: State of the Art

Introducing Defects in 3D Photonic Crystals: State of the Art

Photonic crystals in the optical regime â past, present and future

Single Exposure Imaging of Talbot Carpets and Resolution Characterization of Detectors for Micro- and Nano- Patterns

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Product

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Photonic crystals in the optical regime â past, present and future