Two-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells with 14.1% Power Conversion Efficiency and 0.68% External Radiative Efficiency

Fu, Weifei; Wang, Jian; Zuo, Lijian; Gao, Ke; Liu, Feng; Ginger, David S.; Jen, Alex K.‐Y.

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01181

Cited by 233 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This binding hinders the growth kinetics particularly of the 3D precursors, ultimately allowing nucleation only after evaporation of the NH 4 SCN components during annealing. This proposition is consistent with reports of the SCN − anion strongly interacting with Pb 2+ and the organic cations, and the NH 4 + cation interacting with [BI 6 ] 4− (B = Pb, Sn), and then evaporating off during annealing (see the Supporting Information for further discussion) …”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Controlling the Growth Kinetics and Optoelectronic Properties of 2D/3D Lead–Tin Perovskite Heterojunctions

et al. 2019

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Halide perovskites are emerging as valid alternatives to conventional photovoltaic active materials owing to their low cost and high device performances. This material family also shows exceptional tunability of properties by varying chemical components, crystal structure, and dimensionality, providing a unique set of building blocks for new structures. Here, highly stable self‐assembled lead–tin perovskite heterostructures formed between low‐bandgap 3D and higher‐bandgap 2D components are demonstrated. A combination of surface‐sensitive X‐ray diffraction, spatially resolved photoluminescence, and electron microscopy measurements is used to reveal that microstructural heterojunctions form between high‐bandgap 2D surface crystallites and lower‐bandgap 3D domains. Furthermore, in situ X‐ray diffraction measurements are used during film formation to show that an ammonium thiocyanate additive delays formation of the 3D component and thus provides a tunable lever to substantially increase the fraction of 2D surface crystallites. These novel heterostructures will find use in bottom cells for stable tandem photovoltaics with a surface 2D layer passivating the 3D material, or in energy‐transfer devices requiring controlled energy flow from localized surface crystallites to the bulk.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Controlling the Growth Kinetics and Optoelectronic Properties of 2D/3D Lead–Tin Perovskite Heterojunctions

et al. 2019

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“…The appearance of chlorine 2p peak in XPS spectra (see Figure S10, Supporting Information) confirms the existence of Cl − in the MACl treated film. It is proposed that Cl − can compensate the halide vacancies on the perovskite surface and grain boundaries, leading to a decreased trap density and a higher electron/hole mobility ( Table 2 ) and thereby an enhanced V oc . The top‐view SEM images of quasi‐2D perovskite films with and without MACl treatment are presented in Figure S11 in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Guanidinium‐Based Quasi 2D Perovskite Solar Cells via a Two‐Step Post‐Treatment Process

et al. 2019

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2D perovskites with alternating cations in the interlayer space (ACI) have raised increasing interest in the field of layered 2D perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Herein, ACI quasi‐2D PVSCs with a chemical formula of C(NH2)3(CH3NH3)4Pb4I13 (n = 4) are fabricated by an antisolvent method assisted by a novel two‐step post‐treatment process, in which guanidinium thiocyanate (GASCN) and MACl (GA = guanidinium, MA = methylammonium) are utilized as post‐treatment reagents, sequentially. With the first‐step post‐treatment by GASCN, the grain gaps within the perovskite films are dramatically diminished, leading to increased alignment and well‐ordered crystal grains. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the corresponding devices increases by more than 50% (from 8.62% to 13.13%). After the second‐step post‐treatment by MACl, the trap states in the perovskite films are passivated, and as a result the PCE of the PVSCs is further enhanced to 15.27%. This work provides the new method of two‐step post‐treatment for fabrication of high quality 2D PVSC films.

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“…We observe significant improvement in stability for the PEA‐incorporated perovskite devices. This is probably due to the better humidity resistance enabled by the presence of hydrophobic PEA, reported previously . The better moisture and light stability of the SP devices (compared with the DP devices) can be due to the more uniform distribution of PEA safe‐guarding the smaller volumes of 3D perovskites in the quasi‐2D film against humidity and against the light which can induce degradation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Unveiling the Importance of Precursor Preparation for Highly Efficient and Stable Phenethylammonium‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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For the fabrication of low‐dimensional perovskite solar cells, understanding the effect of precursor preparation on film formation is critical to achieve high‐quality perovskite film and, therefore, high efficiency in related solar devices. Herein, the two methods to prepare phenethylammonium‐based mixed perovskite precursors with the same chemical composition are reported. These methods are called 1) different phase (DP) and 2) same phase (SP) methods as the former involves the mixing of a 3D perovskite precursor with a 2D perovskite precursor, whereas the latter involves the mixing of quasi‐2D perovskite precursors. The films prepared by these methods are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Kelvin probe force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, revealing different perovskite structures. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the champion cells by DP and SP methods reaches 19.1% and 18.9%, respectively. Results of the aging test show a dramatic improvement in the stability of SP perovskite devices maintaining 86% of its initial performance after exposure to a relative humidity (RH) 8 ± 5% for 1000 hr and over 80% of its initial PCE after continuous 1 sun illumination (including UV) at RH 70%. The new insights provided by this work are important to design perovskite precursor preparation methods for the best device performance and stability.

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Two-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells with 14.1% Power Conversion Efficiency and 0.68% External Radiative Efficiency

Cited by 233 publications

References 44 publications

Controlling the Growth Kinetics and Optoelectronic Properties of 2D/3D Lead–Tin Perovskite Heterojunctions

Controlling the Growth Kinetics and Optoelectronic Properties of 2D/3D Lead–Tin Perovskite Heterojunctions

Highly Efficient Guanidinium‐Based Quasi 2D Perovskite Solar Cells via a Two‐Step Post‐Treatment Process

Unveiling the Importance of Precursor Preparation for Highly Efficient and Stable Phenethylammonium‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

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