Two-dimensional Orientational Response of Smooth Muscle Cells to Cyclic Stretching

Kanda, Keiichi; Matsuda, Takehisa; Oka, Takahiro

doi:10.1097/00002480-199207000-00060

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…A higher percentage of cells were found in a smaller range of bins, with over 50% of cells having an angle greater than 601 on strained films, as opposed to 30% for unstrained films, which is indicative of an even distribution. This is in agreement with findings previously reported (Kanda et al, 1992;Wang and Grood, 2000). The unstrained films had an even distribution of cell angles across the 901 span, implying no preferred orientation in the absence of mechanical and microtopographical cues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Combined effects of microtopography and cyclic strain on vascular smooth muscle cell orientation

Houtchens

Foster

Desai

et al. 2008

Journal of Biomechanics

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Cellular alignment studies have shown that cell orientation has a large effect on the expression and behavior of cells. Cyclic strain and substrate microtopography have each been shown to regulate cellular alignment. This study examined the combined effects of these two stimuli on the alignment of bovine vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cells were cultured on substrates with microgrooves of varying widths oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of an applied cyclic tensile strain. We found that microgrooves oriented parallel to the direction of the applied strain limited the orientation response of VSMCs to the mechanical stimulus, while grooves perpendicular to the applied strain enhanced cellular alignment. Further, the extent to which parallel grooves limited cell alignment was found to be dependent on the groove width. It was found that for both a small (15microm) and a large (70microm) groove width, cells were better able to reorient in response to the applied strain than for an intermediate groove width (40microm). This study indicates that microtopographical cues modulate the orientation response of VSMCs to cyclic strain. The results suggest that there is a range of microgroove dimensions that is most effective at maintaining the orientation of the cells in the presence of an opposing stimulus induced by cyclic strain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Combined effects of microtopography and cyclic strain on vascular smooth muscle cell orientation

Houtchens

Foster

Desai

et al. 2008

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…36,43 Similarly to our study, Kanda et al demonstrate that the level of realignment of cells increased with higher frequency of the applied cyclic tensile strain. 36,43 Other studies showed that SMCs of the rat thoracic aorta and of the bovine pulmonary artery need up to 10 h (which was beyond the time scale of our study) to react to cyclic tensile strain of 0.5 Hz and higher and that the cell response was frequency-dependent. 48,52 Overall, it seems that the cellular reorientation response with respect to an applied frequency is cell-type dependent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…(Student's t-test; *P < 0.05; þP > 0.05) other studies. 36,43,48,52 Accordingly, the alignment of SMCs subjected to directional tension observed in vitro is in marked contrast with that observed in vivo. Thus, the detected perpendicular alignment of SMC in vitro might be an avoidance reaction in in vitro experiments due to the non-physiological experimental conditions in 2D culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Featured Article: Temporal responses of human endothelial and smooth muscle cells exposed to uniaxial cyclic tensile strain

Greiner

Biela

Chen

et al. 2015

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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The physiology of vascular cells depends on stimulating mechanical forces caused by pulsatile flow. Thus, mechano-transduction processes and responses of primary human endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have been studied to reveal cell-type specific differences which may contribute to vascular tissue integrity. Here, we investigate the dynamic reorientation response of ECs and SMCs cultured on elastic membranes over a range of stretch frequencies from 0.01 to 1 Hz. ECs and SMCs show different cell shape adaptation responses (reorientation) dependent on the frequency. ECs reveal a specific threshold frequency (0.01 Hz) below which no responses is detectable while the threshold frequency for SMCs could not be determined and is speculated to be above 1 Hz. Interestingly, the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions system, as well as changes in the focal adhesion area, can be observed for both cell types and is dependent on the frequency. RhoA and Rac1 activities are increased for ECs but not for SMCs upon application of a uniaxial cyclic tensile strain. Analysis of membrane protrusions revealed that the spatial protrusion activity of ECs and SMCs is independent of the application of a uniaxial cyclic tensile strain of 1 Hz while the total number of protrusions is increased for ECs only. Our study indicates differences in the reorientation response and the reaction times of the two cell types in dependence of the stretching frequency, with matching data for actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion realignment, RhoA/Rac1 activities, and membrane protrusion activity. These are promising results which may allow cell-type specific activation of vascular cells by frequency-selective mechanical stretching. This specific activation of different vascular cell types might be helpful in improving strategies in regenerative medicine.

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“…Cyclic stretching causes the alignment of several cell types perpendicular to the direction of stretch [1]–[3] with the extent of alignment dependent on stretch amplitude, frequency and spatial pattern [4]–[6]. These experiments are generally performed with cells cultured on silicone rubber sheets coated with matrix proteins (typically collagen type-I or fibronectin).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Direction of Stretch-Induced Cell and Stress Fiber Orientation Depends on Collagen Matrix Stress

Tondon

Kaunas

2014

PLoS ONE

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Cell structure depends on both matrix strain and stiffness, but their interactive effects are poorly understood. We investigated the interactive roles of matrix properties and stretching patterns on cell structure by uniaxially stretching U2OS cells expressing GFP-actin on silicone rubber sheets supporting either a surface-adsorbed coating or thick hydrogel of type-I collagen. Cells and their actin stress fibers oriented perpendicular to the direction of cyclic stretch on collagen-coated sheets, but oriented parallel to the stretch direction on collagen gels. There was significant alignment parallel to the direction of a steady increase in stretch for cells on collagen gels, while cells on collagen-coated sheets did not align in any direction. The extent of alignment was dependent on both strain rate and duration. Stretch-induced alignment on collagen gels was blocked by the myosin light-chain kinase inhibitor ML7, but not by the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632. We propose that active orientation of the actin cytoskeleton perpendicular and parallel to direction of stretch on stiff and soft substrates, respectively, are responses that tend to maintain intracellular tension at an optimal level. Further, our results indicate that cells can align along directions of matrix stress without collagen fibril alignment, indicating that matrix stress can directly regulate cell morphology.

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Two-dimensional Orientational Response of Smooth Muscle Cells to Cyclic Stretching

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Combined effects of microtopography and cyclic strain on vascular smooth muscle cell orientation

Combined effects of microtopography and cyclic strain on vascular smooth muscle cell orientation

Featured Article: Temporal responses of human endothelial and smooth muscle cells exposed to uniaxial cyclic tensile strain

The Direction of Stretch-Induced Cell and Stress Fiber Orientation Depends on Collagen Matrix Stress

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