Two-dimensional ordering during droplet growth on a liquid surface

Steyer, Alexandre; Guénoun, P.; Beysens, Daniel; Knobler, Charles M.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.42.1086

Cited by 104 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…The other possible mechanism could be analogous to the widely observed breath figure (BF) formation on drop-cast polymer films. [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] In earlier publications, 41,42 we proposed the possibility that water condensation onto the PEO-based block copolymers leads to PEO domain ordering. After solvent annealing, the solvent evaporation causes the cooling of the film surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the 2 1 / 2 layers of spheres with a BCC structure, we observe a square packing consistent with the film surface being a (100) plane. 65 S 433 , M w /M n ) 1.07) ABC triblock copolymers were synthesized using published methods. 40 In short, the material was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), in which a PEO RAFT macroinitiator was chain extended with PMMA, yielding a PEO-PMMA diblock copolymer macro chain transfer agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Square Packing and Structural Arrangement of ABC Triblock Copolymer Spheres in Thin Films

et al. 2008

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Nanoporous thin films were prepared from poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate)-bpolystyrene (PEO-b-PMMA-b-PS) ABC triblock copolymer by solvent annealing under high relative humidity followed by UV degradation and acid washing. Ordered half-spheres at the surface that template ordering of spheres below the surface in thin films were formed as a result of the interaction between the hydrophilic PEO segments and water vapor during processing. The spherical block copolymer domains exhibit complex packing behavior on the surface and in the interior. A half-sphere "monolayer" and a half-sphere plus whole sphere "bilayer" were formed in thin films with thicknesses of 43 and 71 nm, respectively, and have hexagonal lattice symmetry. For half-sphere plus two whole sphere "trilayers" with a nominal thickness of 117 nm, coexistence of regions of hexagonal and square packing was observed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. Square packing was consistent with a surface-truncated unit cell of a body-centered cubic lattice with the (100) plane parallel to the surface.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Square Packing and Structural Arrangement of ABC Triblock Copolymer Spheres in Thin Films

et al. 2008

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“…Another example is the formation of dew [21]. Knobler and Beysens investigated the formation of breath figures under water droplets condensation [22][23][24][25] and found that they did not only form on solid surfaces but on liquids as well, specifically on paraffin oil [24]. Main features of the process breath figures selfassembly have been revealed under detailed study of water condensation in Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Main features of the process breath figures selfassembly have been revealed under detailed study of water condensation in Refs. [22][23][24][25], including the intriguing effect of non-coalescence of sessile droplets, to be discussed later. The interest to the breathfigures self-assembly was revived, when Widawski, Francois, Pitois et al demonstrated in the series of the papers [26][27][28][29][30], that the breath-figures self-assembly allow formation of micro-porous reliefs with wellcontrolled topography when polymer solutions are rapidly evaporated in a humid atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath-Figures Self-Assembly, the Versatile Method of Manufacturing Membranes and Porous Structures: Physical, Chemical and Technological Aspects

Bormashenko¹

2017

Preprint

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Abstract:The review is devoted to the physical, chemical and technological aspects of the breath-figures self-assembly process. Main stages of the process and the impact of the polymer architecture and physical parameters of the breath-figures self-assembly on the eventual pattern are covered. The review is focused on the hierarchy of spatial and temporal scales inherent for the breath-figures self-assembly. Multi-scale patterns arising from the process are addressed. The characteristic spatial lateral scales of patterns vary from nanometers to dozens of micrometers. The temporal scales of the process span from micro-seconds to seconds. The qualitative analysis performed in the paper demonstrates that the process is mainly governed by the interfacial phenomena, whereas the impact of inertia and gravity is negligible. Characterization and applications of polymer films manufactured with breath-figures self-assembly are discussed.

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“…The growing water drops coalesce with each other, and several generations of drops coexist in a fractal pattern. When the breath figures form over a pre-cooled liquid substrate (immiscible with water), they first self-organize into a locally ordered state, and then coalescence sets in, giving a pattern with polydisperse drop sizes [3][4][5]. Breath-figure-like patterns of water droplets appear on an evaporating polymer solution, exposed to a stream of moist air, and once the solvent evaporation is complete, the water drops evaporate away as well, leaving a highly ordered array of holes in the polymer film [6].…”

Section: Copyright C Epla 2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of solvent choice on breath-figure-templated assembly of “holey” polymer films

Sharma

Song

Jones

et al. 2010

EPL

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-Dew or breath figures is a disordered pattern formed by polydisperse water drops that form when a cold surface comes in contact with breath or moist air. Unexpectedly, self-assembled arrays of non-coalescent monodisperse water drops form when dilute solutions of polymers in volatile organic solvents are exposed to moist air. After solvent evaporation is complete, these condensation figures dry out as well, leaving "holey" polymer films, containing hexagonally ordered arrays of pores (0.2 to 10 µm). While the macroporous films are produced easily for a wide variety of solvents and polymers, there is no existing theory that describes how the pore size depends upon tunable parameters like humidity, air temperature and velocity as well as on the choice of solvent and polymer. In this study, we propose a transport model to elucidate the role of the solvent and airflow in determining the rate and extent of evaporative cooling, and contrast our model results with the corresponding experimental measurements for polystyrene/carbon disulfide solutions. We describe how modeling evaporative cooling is essential for the quantitative understanding of dominant processes that lead to growth, non-coalescence and self-assembly of water drops, and the subsequent formation of ordered arrays of pores. editor's choice Copyright c EPLA, 2010Breath figures or dew forms over cold solid or liquid substrates on contact with humid air [1][2][3][4][5]. The growing water drops coalesce with each other, and several generations of drops coexist in a fractal pattern. When the breath figures form over a pre-cooled liquid substrate (immiscible with water), they first self-organize into a locally ordered state, and then coalescence sets in, giving a pattern with polydisperse drop sizes [3][4][5]. Breath-figure-like patterns of water droplets appear on an evaporating polymer solution, exposed to a stream of moist air, and once the solvent evaporation is complete, the water drops evaporate away as well, leaving a highly ordered array of holes in the polymer film [6]. To name the process as breath-figure-templated assembly is to recognize growing amount of experimental evidence [6][7][8] showing that the formation of pores occurs as a result of nucleation, growth and self-assembly of non-coalescent water drops over evaporatively cooled polymer solution, as postulated (a) Current address:

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Two-dimensional ordering during droplet growth on a liquid surface

Cited by 104 publications

References 8 publications

Square Packing and Structural Arrangement of ABC Triblock Copolymer Spheres in Thin Films

Square Packing and Structural Arrangement of ABC Triblock Copolymer Spheres in Thin Films

Breath-Figures Self-Assembly, the Versatile Method of Manufacturing Membranes and Porous Structures: Physical, Chemical and Technological Aspects

Effect of solvent choice on breath-figure-templated assembly of “holey” polymer films

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