Two-dimensional nanomaterials for Förster resonance energy transfer–based sensing applications

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)–based sensing has been steadily gaining popularity in the areas of biochemical analysis, environmental monitoring, and disease diagnosis in the past 20 years. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are extensively used as donors and acceptors in the FRET sensing because of their attractive optical and chemical properties. In this review, we first present the FRET theory and calculations to give readers a better understanding of the FRET phenomenon. Then, we discuss the recent research advances in using 2D nanomaterials as donors and acceptor in FRET sensing. Finally, we summarize the existing challenges and future directions of 2D nanomaterials in the FRET sensing applications.</jats:p>

Antitumor Applications of Photothermal Agents and Photothermal Synergistic Therapies

“…Generally speaking, inorganic PTAs have higher PCE and better photothermal stability than organic PTAs, but organic PTAs have greater biodegradability and biocompatibility compared to inorganic PTAs [ 25 , 51 ]. With a large number of studies on spherical and rod-like morphologies, the exploration of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials in the fields of sensing [ 52 , 53 ], catalysis [ 54 ], device manufacturing [ 55 ], and energy storage [ 56 , 57 ] has increased greatly in recent years [ 58 ]. Common 2D materials include black phosphorus, nanosheets, boron nitride, and graphitic carbon nitride [ 59 ], etc.…”

Review of 2D MnO2 Nanosheets as FRET-Based Nanodot Fluorescence Quenchers in Chemosensing Applications

“…In recent times, Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based chemosensors have gained popularity because they overcome the shortcomings of fluorimetric sensors by providing a real-time fluorescence signal change in a noninvasive manner with the spatial and temporal distributions of the fluorescent materials. , FRET is strategically used for specific analyte detection, disease diagnosis, drug screening, and other biochemical applications, often employing nanomaterials as energy donors or acceptors. , An excellent light absorption property and negatively charged surface in MnO 2 NSs facilitate the occurrence of FRET commonly with the donor species via dipole–dipole interactions. Interestingly, a combination of carbon nanodots and MnO 2 NSs have been used as FRET-based sensing platforms for various environmentally toxic and biologically important species in aqueous media. − In the recent past, the strong oxidation capabilities of MnO 2 NSs attracted many researchers to construct sensitive “turn-on” fluorescent probes for various analytes. , In general, an analyte-triggered redox reaction results in the decomposition of MnO 2 NSs, leading to the release of fluorescent nanodots in solution for turn-on detection of the said analyte (Scheme ). Over the past decade, a vast literature has been developed in this field focusing on efficient chemosensors for various reducing species like glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), hydrazine, etc.…”

Studying the Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Between Two Dyes of Laser in an Aqueous Solution

“…This study presents the outcomes of our tests on FRET between two dyes, namely acriflavine and rhodamine B [14]. Metal ions are one of those that are mentioned in Metal ions have a substantial impact on both the fluorescence and absorption spectra [15]. It's possible that this will have some kind of effect on the FRET mechanism that occurs between Acr and other dye molecules [11].…”