Two‐Dimensional Materials Applied in Membranes of Redox Flow Battery

Abstract

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are one of the most promising techniques to store and convert green and renewable energy, benefiting from their advantages of high safety, flexible design and long lifespan. Membranes with fast and selective ions transport are required for the advances of RFBs. Remarkably, two-dimensional (2D) materials with high mechanical and chemical stability, strict size exclusion and abundantly modifiable functional groups, have attracted extensive attentions in the applications of energy fields. Herein, the improvements and perspectives of 2D materials working for ionic transportation and sieving in RFBs membranes are presented. The characteristics of various materials and their advantages and disadvantages in the applications of RFBs membranes particularly are focused. This review is expected to provide a guidance for the design of membranes based on 2D materials for RFBs.

Beyond conventional batteries: a review on semi-solid and redox targeting flow batteries-LiFePO4 as a case study

“…For these reasons, ion exchange and porous membrane can be used. [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] 2.3.3. Electrodes.…”

Robust Polyaniline-silica@polypropylene for High-Performance, High-Capacity Retention All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

“…However, challenges like poor processability and structural imperfections have limited their large-scale application in VRFBs . Inorganic nanofillers with proton storage capabilities, such as tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), and zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), have been extensively studied for VRFB applications, as they enhance mechanical properties and proton transport through well-defined ion-conducting channels created by the uniformly distributed inorganic fillers in the polymer matrix . Nevertheless, the easy transport of protons through these channels raises the risk of vanadium ion flux, leading to a rapid capacity decay.…”

Amino–Functionalized Multi–walled Carbon Nanotube/SPEEK Hybrid Proton Exchange Membrane for Iron–chromium Redox Flow Battery**

“…In addition, inorganic fillers usually have the advantages of high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, which help to improve the mechanical properties and chemical stability of the hybrid PEM. [15] Besides, The combination of SPEEK polymer with organic materials such as lignin [16,17] and SMA-SN [18] is also an effective method. By adjusting the composition of the membrane materials, the separation structure of the hydrophilic/ hydrophobic phase can be controlled, so as to improve the water uptake, proton conductivity, ion selectivity, and other important properties of the SPEEK PEM.…”

“…Interface interactions such as hydrogen bonds, acid–base interactions, or ionic bonds between inorganic fillers and SPEEK polymer can effectively reduce the swelling rate of the hybrid PEM, and these interactions can also adjust the size of the proton transport channel, which is conducive to proton transport and effectively block the permeation of metal ions. In addition, inorganic fillers usually have the advantages of high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, which help to improve the mechanical properties and chemical stability of the hybrid PEM [15] . Besides, The combination of SPEEK polymer with organic materials such as lignin [16,17] and SMA‐SN [18] is also an effective method.…”