Two-dimensional material-based virus detection

Abstract

Cost-effective, rapid, and accurate virus detection technologies play key roles in reducing viral transmission. Prompt and accurate virus detection enables timely treatment and effective quarantine of virus carrier, and therefore effectively reduces the possibility of large-scale spread. However, conventional virus detection techniques often suffer from slow response, high cost or sophisticated procedures. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been used as promising sensing platforms for the high-performance detection of a variety of chemical and biological substances. The unique properties of 2D materials, such as large specific area, active surface interaction with biomolecules and facile surface functionalization, provide advantages in developing novel virus detection technologies with fast response and high sensitivity. Furthermore, 2D materials possess versatile and tunable electronic, electrochemical and optical properties, making them ideal platforms to demonstrate conceptual sensing techniques and explore complex sensing mechanisms in next-generation biosensors. In this review, we first briefly summarize the virus detection techniques with an emphasis on the current efforts in fighting again COVID-19. Then, we introduce the preparation methods and properties of 2D materials utilized in biosensors, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and other 2D materials. Furthermore, we discuss the working principles of various virus detection technologies based on emerging 2D materials, such as field-effect transistor-based virus detection, electrochemical virus detection, optical virus detection and other virus detection techniques. Then, we elaborate on the essential works in 2D material-based high-performance virus detection. Finally, our perspective on the challenges and future research direction in this field is discussed.

Application prospect and preparation method of nanomaterials

“…Therefore, how to use the biomolecule immobilization technology and immobilization materials to maintain the activity of the enzyme, increase the immobilization capacity of the enzyme, accelerate the electron transfer rate effectively are the key problem and urgent task for the preparation of H 2 O 2 sensors with excellent performance. Graphene and carbon nanotubes have a significant impact on enzyme immobilisation due to their extremely large specific surface area and porous structure [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Addressing the Silent Spread of Monkeypox Disease with Advanced Analytical Tools

“…The detection of viruses have also been recently achieved in a completely label-free manner using other techniques including localized surface plasmon resonance (limit of detection 319 copies mL −1 ), [79] time-resolved luminescence (limit of detection 4.3 × 10 4 PFU mL −1 ) [80] and many others discussed in recent literature on technologies for virus detection and analysis. [81][82][83][84][85] However, the most significant challenge is the quick translation of this technology for addressing MPXV spread. Strong collaboration between industry and academia, large scale investment by funding agencies and compliance of the technology with ethics and government regulation will help fast transition of biosensing technology developed in laboratory to industry.…”

Nickel-adsorbed two-dimensional Nb2C MXene for enhanced energy storage applications

“…Two-dimensional (2-D) materials, due to their ionintercalation and various properties, have gained much attention for energy storage applications. [5][6][7] Several new members of the 2-D materials family have been discovered such as hexagonal boron nitride, 8 graphene, 9 metal chalcogenides, 10 SnO 2 , 11 SnO 2 /SnS 2 , 12 MoS 2 , 13 cobalt selenide 14 and quite a lot more. However, in electrode applications, 2-D materials show certain drawbacks such as low conductivity, narrow interlayer spacing, and hydrophobic nature.…”