Two-dimensional magneto-optical trap as a source for cold strontium atoms

Nosske, Ingo; Couturier, Luc; Hu, Fangfang; Tan, Canzhu; Qiao, Chang; Blume, Jan; Jiang, Yuhai; Chen, Peng; Weidemüller, Matthias

doi:10.1103/physreva.96.053415

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In brief, this source is composed of an oven similar to [46], followed by a transverse cooling stage and a Zeeman slower, both using laser cooling on the broad-linewidth blue transition. A 2D blue MOT [47][48][49], whose non-confining axis is oriented in the direction of gravity, is located approximately 5 cm after the exit of the Zeeman slower (see Figure 1a). This MOT has a loading rate of 2.66(16) × 10 9 88 Sr atoms/s (measured by absorption imaging) and cools atoms to about 1 mK in the radial (xz) plane.…”

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confidence: 99%

Steady-State Magneto-Optical Trap with 100-Fold Improved Phase-Space Density

et al. 2017

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We demonstrate a continuously loaded 88 Sr magneto-optical trap (MOT) with a steady-state phase-space density of 1.3(2) × 10 −3 . This is two orders of magnitude higher than reported in previous steady-state MOTs. Our approach is to flow atoms through a series of spatially separated laser cooling stages before capturing them in a MOT operated on the 7.4-kHz linewidth Sr intercombination line using a hybrid slower+MOT configuration. We also demonstrate producing a Bose-Einstein condensate at the MOT location, despite the presence of laser cooling light on resonance with the 30-MHz linewidth transition used to initially slow atoms in a separate chamber. Our steady-state high phase-space density MOT is an excellent starting point for a continuous atom laser and dead-time free atom interferometers or clocks.Laser cooled and trapped atoms are at the core of most ultracold quantum gas experiments [1], state-ofthe-art clocks [2] and sensors based on atom interferometry [3]. Today, these devices typically operate in a time-sequential manner, with distinct phases for sample preparation and measurement. For atomic clocks a consequence is the need to bridge the dead time between measurements using a secondary frequency reference, typically a resonator. This introduces a problem known as the Dick effect [4] in which the sampling process inherent to a clock's cyclic operation down converts or aliases high frequency noise from the secondary reference into the signal band, thus degrading performance [5]. Recently, a new generation of atomic clocks using degenerate atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice has been demonstrated using Sr [6]. To reach the potential of such a clock, it will be necessary to overcome the Dick effect, which can be achieved by reducing the dead time and/or by creating vastly improved secondary references. Our steady-state MOT can lead to significant advances in both directions. It approaches the high flux and low temperature requirements needed for a steadystate clock, which would completely eliminate the Dick effect. Furthermore, our MOT is created under conditions compatible with the creation of degenerate samples or an atom laser [7,8]. This would be the ideal source for a secondary frequency reference based on superradiant lasing, which is expected to outperform current references [9][10][11][12][13]. Our source and a future atom laser based on it might also be valuable for atomic inertial sensors [8]. Improved clocks and inertial sensors will allow tests of fundamental physics [14] or be suitable for gravitational wave astronomy [3,[15][16][17].Over the years many creative approaches have honed laser cooling to produce pulsed samples of ever increasing phase-space density (PSD) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Pulsed MOTs using 88 Sr have demonstrated phase-space densities of 10 −2 [30] while atoms held in dipole traps recently reached degeneracy [7,31]. Despite the exquisite performances, these techniques suffer from extremely small capture velocities.As a consequence atoms ...

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Steady-State Magneto-Optical Trap with 100-Fold Improved Phase-Space Density

et al. 2017

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“…By the time atoms with this velocity arrive at the recapture region via ballistic flight, they will have suffered a gravitational sag of more than 20 cm! The benefit of pushed atomic transfer has been confirmed by experimental observations [32]. A resonant push beam with an intensity of I psh = 6.4 mW/cm 2 is able to accelerate the atoms to 30 m/s by the time they arrive at the 3D-MOT, despite the fact that the acceleration decreases as soon as the Doppler shift exceeds the natural linewidth.…”

Section: Results Of the Simulationmentioning

confidence: 75%

Hollow Bessel beams for guiding atoms between vacuum chambers: a proposal and efficiency study

et al. 2020

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We explore a scheme for guiding cold atoms through a hollow Bessel beam generated by a single axicon and a lens from a 2D magneto-optical trap toward a science chamber. We compare the Bessel beam profiles measured along the optical axis to a numerical propagation of the beam's wavefront, and we show how it is affected by diffraction during the passage through a long narrow funnel serving as a differential pumping tube between the chambers. We derive an approximate analytic expression for the intensity distribution of the Bessel beam and the dipolar optical force acting on the atoms. By a Monte-Carlo simulation based on a stochastic Runge-Kutta algorithm of the motion of atoms initially prepared at a given temperature we show that a considerable enhancement of the transfer efficiency can be expected in the presence of a sufficiently intense Bessel beam.

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“…We generate arrays of optical tweezers with 532 nm laser light using a pair of acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) crossed at 90 • and a 0.6 NA microscope objective. To reach favorable conditions for loading the tweezers, the atoms are first captured in a 3D magneto-optical trap (MOT) operating on the broad, Γ b /(2π) = 29 MHz, 399 nm 1 P 1 transition, loaded from a 2D MOT [57,58]. The atoms are then transferred to a narrow MOT that uses the 556 nm 3 P 1 transition with linewidth Γ g /(2π) = 183 kHz.…”

Section: Preparation and Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ytterbium nuclear-spin qubits in an optical tweezer array

Jenkins,

Lis,

Senoo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We report on the realization of a fast, scalable, and high-fidelity qubit architecture, based on 171 Yb atoms in an optical tweezer array. We demonstrate several attractive properties of this atom for its use as a building block of a quantum information processing platform. Its nuclear spin of 1/2 serves as a long-lived, coherent, two-level system, while its rich, alkaline-earth-like electronic structure allows for low entropy preparation, fast qubit control, and high fidelity readout. Using narrowline transitions, we present a near-deterministic loading protocol, which allows us to fill a 10×10 tweezer array with 92.73(8)% efficiency and a single tweezer with 96.0(1.4)% efficiency. Employing a robust optical approach, we perform sub-microsecond qubit rotations and characterize their fidelity through randomized benchmarking, yielding 5.2(5)×10 −3 error per Clifford gate. For quantum memory applications, we measure the coherence of our qubits with T * 2 =3.7(4) s and T2=8.1(7) s. Finally, we use 3D Raman sideband cooling to bring the atoms near their motional ground state, which will be central to future implementations of two-qubit gates that benefit from low motional entropy.

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Two-dimensional magneto-optical trap as a source for cold strontium atoms

Cited by 43 publications

References 52 publications

Steady-State Magneto-Optical Trap with 100-Fold Improved Phase-Space Density

Steady-State Magneto-Optical Trap with 100-Fold Improved Phase-Space Density

Hollow Bessel beams for guiding atoms between vacuum chambers: a proposal and efficiency study

Ytterbium nuclear-spin qubits in an optical tweezer array

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