Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial

Stoll, Dwight R.; Carr, Peter W.

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03506

Cited by 264 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…7.16 shows conceptually how the LCeLC, LC Â LC, and sLC Â LC, modes of 2D-LC separation compare to each other. These have also been discussed extensively in a recent review article (Stoll and Carr, 2016). Fig.…”

Section: Concepts For Different Modes Of Two-dimensional Liquid Chrommentioning

confidence: 88%

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Theory and Practice of UHPLC and UHPLC–MS

Guillarme

Veuthey

2017

Handbook of Advanced Chromatography /Mass Spectrometry Techniques

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Section: Concepts For Different Modes Of Two-dimensional Liquid Chrommentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Readers interested in its development, and other approaches over time, are also referred to a recent review article of ours (Stoll and Carr, 2016). Here, I describe representative results from our own work that demonstrate the potential benefits of the…”

Section: Optimizing For Detection Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory and Practice of UHPLC and UHPLC–MS

Guillarme

Veuthey

2017

Handbook of Advanced Chromatography /Mass Spectrometry Techniques

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“…In the latter case, carbohydrates extracted from natural sources are often part of complex mixtures in the form of glycopolymers, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides. Such an analyte mixture that is both complex, and large in quantity, in its nature is well suited for 2D-LC applications 83 . In contrast, synthetic routes are usually targeted to form a single carbohydrate compound as the desired final product.…”

Section: Multidimensional and Recycling Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2D-LC is a burgeoning area in liquid chromatography, as evidenced by this more comprehensive recent tutorial 83 . 2D-LC applications are specifically tailored to when a single column LC (1D-LC) experiment is unable to separate a large analyte set, such as the complex mixtures obtained from biological sources 84 .…”

Section: Multidimensional and Recycling Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent liquid chromatographic approaches and developments for the separation and purification of carbohydrates

2017

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“…• First, in liquid chromatography (LC) two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) has emerged as one of the most active areas of technology advancement [1][2][3]. In 2D-LC, a conventional separation is carried out in the first dimension and aliquots of the effluent are collected and injected to a second-dimension column that has very different separation selectivity compared to the first-dimension column.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growing role of two-dimensional LC in the biopharmaceutical industry

Wang¹,

Buckenmaier²,

Stoll³

2017

J Appl Bioanal

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IntroductionOver the past two decades, three major trends have been observed in the bioanalysis world.• First, in liquid chromatography (LC) two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) has emerged as one of the most active areas of technology advancement [1][2][3]. In 2D-LC, a conventional separation is carried out in the first dimension and aliquots of the effluent are collected and injected to a second-dimension column that has very different separation selectivity compared to the first-dimension column. Therefore, much higher peak capacity, and thus resolving power, can be achieved in 2D-LC compared to 1D-LC. This increased resolving power can be used to increase the likelihood of separating a complex mixture, or decrease the time required to fully separate simpler mixtures. In addition, 2D-LC allows the coupling of two completely different separation modes (e.g. reversed-phase and ionic exchange) in one method. This makes it possible to measure multiple attributes of a target analyte in one method instead of two separate methods. Although 2D-LC research has been going on for more than three decades, the speed of innovation and commercialization has accelerated in the last ten years due to efforts at both universities and instrument companies.• Second, Mass Spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable tool in bioanalysis [4]. The ability of new MS instruments to more accurately characterize large molecules keeps improving. However, several challenges still remain. MS works best with volatile buffers of limited concentration. The ionization suppression effect still occurs when compounds with very different concentrations (e.g. several orders of magnitude) co-elute in chromatographic separations. These challenges to MS make LC separation a critical part of any bioanalysis workflow.• Finally, in the application area, biopharmaceutical research has become the fastest growing area in the pharmaceutical industry. In particular, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently the most important class of biotherapeutic molecules. As of 2016, seven of the top-ten-selling drugs were biologics, and six of these were mAb related [5]. In particular, the number one drug Humira (adalimumab) had an annual sales of $15.7 Billion dollars in 2016. Due to the large size of these antibodies at about 150 kDa molecular weight, analyzing them is very challenging. It often takes a suite of analytical tools to fully characterize the molecule and ensure good quality control of drug products involving these molecules. These three trends are developing at the same time and at high speed. It is our opinion that the combination of 2D-LC with MS is emerging as an exciting and essential tool for efficient, high quality biopharmaceutical analysis. In this article, we will discuss examples that demonstrate the power of 2D-LC-MS in this application area.

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Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: A State of the Art Tutorial

Cited by 264 publications

References 85 publications

Theory and Practice of UHPLC and UHPLC–MS

Theory and Practice of UHPLC and UHPLC–MS

Recent liquid chromatographic approaches and developments for the separation and purification of carbohydrates

The growing role of two-dimensional LC in the biopharmaceutical industry

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